The Regime of Nazi Germany :: Papers

The Regime of national socialist Germany l Physical education was given 15% of initiate time, and some sports such as boxing became compulsory for boys. Pupils had to pass an examination, and unsatisfactory performance could lead to being expelled. l History. This concentrated on the rise of the Nazi Party, the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles and the evils of communism and the Jews. l Biology explained Nazi ideas on race and population control. Pupils were taught how to measure their skulls and to classify racial types also that Aryans were superior and should not attach inferior races. l German. This taught pupils to be conscious of their national identity by reading about German heroes of the Hitler Youth and First World War. l geography taught about the lands, which were once part of Germany and the need for more living space for Germans. l Religious studies became less important and by 1937 pupils could drop the subject. Girls usual ly had a different curriculum from boys. They also studied domestic science and eugenics (how to produce perfect offspring by selecting ideal qualities in the parents) c) The Hitler Youth was an organization create by the Nazis, for young boys or girls to join this organization at the age of 14 and do hiking, singing folk-songs, camping and sport. The German Maidens was an organization for girls only. They had to do equal activities and tests as the boys, but in a certain extent it was slightly less military. Both boys and girls marched in exciting parades with loud bands. They were also physically summate and their leisure time was devoted to the Nazis and Hitler. They were strong cross-country runners, and confident at reading maps. After years of summer camps, they were comfortable camping out of doors, and the boys knew how to clean a rifle and keep it in good condition. d) The boys were preparing to fight in battles, they had to be fierce and grow hate for Jews, and show no any lenity to any of them.

Can a fingerprint be reproduced? :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

Can a fingerprint be reproduced?Imagine the guilt a wife and mother would feel knowing that carrying out her free-and-easy routine of waking her husband, so he could get ready for work, would cause her never to see him again. To just send him off as she has done for the historical thirty- devil years would cause such heartbreak for her and her family. For her to remember the way he would turn on all the lights and make as much preventive as possible to keep her awake so that he could get a good-bye kiss. And to think that that kiss would be their last one because when he arrives at work, takes the elevator to the fifty-second floor, and takes a seat at his desk a terrorist would fly an airplane into his building, The World Trade shopping mall.On that dark day, The World Trade Center became a burial ground. Thousands of people lost their lives because of someones warped view of religion. Because of this warped view, we as a country have to make the elusive decision of what to do with the empty area where the Twin Towers once stood. throng are divided on what to do with this are in the middle of Manhattan. Should we, as a nation, rebuild The World Trade Center or make a memorial in its place? Many factors play on this decision.For example, it is gush real estate. Yet, on the other hand, it is sacred ground. A place of reverence and a place of remembrance of those lives lost in the tragedy that occurred on 9-11. People from all over the United States of America came to this one spot not to view or exploit the vacancy simply to remember the totality of the two towers by remembering the employees, the bystanders, and all the police officers and fire fighters who lost their lives to save others. Strangers came together to pay their respects to the dead and to show their loyalty and support to their country. subsequently September 11, this site has become more than a national landmark. People used to come and be in awe because of the magnificence of the two bu ildings, but now they come for something else. This is another reason it is so difficult to decide on what to do with this void in the New York skyline. People want a place that they can go and remember their loved ones that have passed because of the tragedy on September 11, 2001.

The Red Badge of Courage :: essays research papers

Chapter 1 AnalysisStephen Crane begins a new course of realism in The Red Badge of Courage. Many critics point to him as unmatchable of the first American authors of a modern zeal, and The Red Badge as a fine example of this. The novel is built on a coming-of-age theme, and some(prenominal) of its descriptive elements, such as its concentration on nature and characters actions, argon in the realist style, most popularized in America by William Dean Howells and Frank Norris. However, Cranes style in this book has some slight differences from earlier styles. The narrator does not name the characters. In the first chapter, we discover the names of heat content and Jim only done their dialogue with other characters. The narrator only refers to them by descriptors"the tall soldier" in Jims case and, most importantly, "the young soldier" in Henrys case. Calling Henry "the youth" is the most important indicator that this novel is about his maturity. In this fir st chapter, he is unproven even to himself. Before enlisting, Henrys thoughts of war and battle are those of valiant struggles for life and death the possibility of cowardice does not arise in his initial thoughts of battle. However, his bewilders speech leaves much more room for interpreting his deliver future struggles. Rather than give him the advice of the Spartans of ancient Greece to "return carrying your shield or on top of it" (meaning either victorious or killed in combat, not having dropped it fleeing), his mother tells him that, when faced with a situation of kill or be killed, he has to do what he thinks is right, and only that. This is a critical moment in the dapple of the book. Henrys actions when facing battle are unknown, even to him. His convictions were strong enough to join the army. Yet these were not because of patriotism or a result to simply fight down the narrator shows Henry to be fantasizing of heroic deeds instead. His mothers farewell speec h shows that no one, not even Henry or the narrator, is sure what he will do when faced with battle. Even Jims answers, while they calm Henrys fears, still are so vague that they do not lead to any concrete predictions for their future actions in battle. Yet Crane has written into this novel a way to tell certain characteristics even without explicit direction from the narratorthe use of tinge metaphors.

Satire in Pride and Prejudice Essay -- essays research papers

Pride and PrejudiceJane Austen satirizes the entire premise of social statuses and how they affect the nation just closely them in her book Pride and Prejudice. To make her characters look ridiculous she evinces the folly of them by using satirical tools irony of situation, verbal irony, and dramatic irony. Jane Austen utilizes these clean-cut satirical tools throughout Pride and Prejudice tools to help point out the ridiculousness of the characters and to point out how the different social statuses affect how the characters act around the each other.Irony of situation is one of the most prevalent tools of satire used in Pride and Prejudice. Mrs. Bennet is full of ridiculous statements that contradict what she should truly be saying or doing. One example is after Elizabeth had declined the marriage proposal of Mr. Collins, her mother went on to say, ?I told you in the library, I should never emit to you again, and you will find me as good as my word. I have no pleasure in talking to undutiful children? (99). The irony in the situation comes from the fact that Mrs. Bennet makes such an effort to tell her daughter she doesn?t want to talk to her daughter, yet she goes on and on talking about how she is the train of so many complaints from her daughters. Verbal irony is also widely used throughout the book. After Charlotte marries Mr. Collins she is introduced to Miss Catherine de Burgh, who is regarded in the highest form by Mr. Collins, precisely unfortunately Charlotte merely tolerates her and her husbands? seemingly obsessive interest in her wealth and dignity. This tolerance is evidenced when Catherine has just heard her husband speak extravagantly about his benefactress she says to him, ?Lady Catherine is a very respec... ...rs. Bennet?s ridiculousness comes from the scene where Jane has become ill and is at the Bingley residence, learning of this Mrs. Bennet says, ?As abundant as she stays there, it is all very well? (26). This shows th at Mrs. Bennet is completely serious when she says that it isn?t a big deal if her daughter is sick as long as she is in the company of a rich man who could possibly marry her. The characters take a completely serious tone towards things that the reader knows to be irrational and ridiculous. Jane Austen uses various satirical tools?irony of situation, verbal irony, dramatic irony?to point out the many issues that her characters have. Pride and Prejudice uses these tools to show how ridiculous the characters actually do become in their pursuit of either a higher social status or to show the absurdity in the way the characters act with each other.

Patterns In Medicinal Advertising :: essays research papers

One of the most innovative trends in print advertisement is care for advertisement. The content of these particular advertisements (ads) are intriguing to me. I intend to analyze five medicinal ads to find the tools used by advertisers and to explore the positive and blackball aspects of advertising medicine through print ads for the public.The people who develop ads to market prescription medicine products must pay off an inkling of what the reader wants to see. For instance, the ads in a parenting magazine most often target mothers. The ads in a sports magazine predominately target athletes. How do the advertisers know what the reader will respond to?Patterns are tools that serve up us to narrow our thinking down and put thoughts into categories that we identify with. Patterns allow us to store information in blocks so that we do not have to relearn information that has already been learned. Some patterns are universal and most people have some categories or patterns that oth er people have. An example of a universal human pattern is using language to communicate. Other patterns that we have, whitethorn be derived from our own experience and unlike those of others. Patterns are useful in advertising because advertisers can target their reader by tapping into specific categories. Perception is a someones understanding of the information they receive. Depending on their experience or their understanding they will categorise their cognition and in turn it will become a thought pattern. For instance when a person talks to a priest their perception of him may be that he is perfect or does not sin. They may categorize all priests this way and not judge them in the way that they would any person who is not a priest. I feel that patterns and perception work hand in hand. Sometimes patterns are formed based on perception, sometimes perception is based on a pattern. What came first the chicken or the egg? Im not quite sure, but I do know they affect apiece oth er. Ads are designed by using patterns that target a specific audience. The readers perception of the product may form exclusively based on the ad.The patterns that I noticed specifically amongst the five medicine ads that Ive chosen to analyze is the break through effect. In one ad there was a woman with her nipper and they were breaking through glass. Another ad featured a woman and her child with clear blue skies breaking through the clouds above.

Patterns In Medicinal Advertising :: essays research papers

One of the most innovative trends in print advertising is medicine advertisement. The content of these particular advertisements (ads) be intriguing to me. I intend to analyze tailfin medicinal ads to find the tools used by advertisers and to explore the positive and negative aspects of advertising medicine with print ads for the public.The people who develop ads to market prescription medicine products must have an inkling of what the lector wants to see. For instance, the ads in a parenting magazine most often target mothers. The ads in a sports magazine predominately target athletes. How do the advertisers know what the reader will respond to?Patterns are tools that help us to narrow our thought process down and put thoughts into categories that we identify with. Patterns allow us to store information in blocks so that we do not have to relearn information that has already been learned. Some innovations are universal and most people have some categories or patterns that ot her people have. An example of a universal human pattern is using language to communicate. Other patterns that we have, may be derived from our own experience and unlike those of others. Patterns are useful in advertising because advertisers can target their reader by tapping into specific categories. Perception is a persons understanding of the information they receive. Depending on their experience or their understanding they will categorize their perception and in deflect it will become a thought pattern. For instance when a person talks to a priest their perception of him may be that he is immaculate or does not sin. They may categorize all priests this way and not judge them in the way that they would any person who is not a priest. I feel that patterns and perception work hand in hand. Sometimes patterns are formed based on perception, sometimes perception is based on a pattern. What came first the chicken or the egg? Im not quite sure, but I do know they affect each other. Ads are designed by using patterns that target a specific audience. The readers perception of the product may form exclusively based on the ad.The patterns that I noticed specifically amongst the five medicine ads that Ive chosen to analyze is the break through effect. In one ad there was a woman with her child and they were breaking through glass. some other ad featured a woman and her child with clear blue skies breaking through the clouds above.

Destruction and Dishonesty Due to Ambition

Even the most honorable men in history have lose their imagines due to their wants, frequently like Jay Gatsby from The Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth. Ambition, usually defines as a positive characteristic. However Ambition also contains many perils since it is excess. In many ways, the similarities and difference in the ambitions of Gatsby and Macbeth lead to their orthogonal and internal destructions, and their loss of integrity at earlier and later stages.To begin with, Gatsby and Macbeth both have external destructions to others due to their ambition. Through the story, Gatsby tries to win back the girl of his dream. He would rather ruin the marriage between Tom and Daisy in allege to approach his dream girl. She never loved you, do you hear? he cried. She only married you because I was poor and she was tired of waiting for me. It was a terrible mistake, but in her heart she never loved anyone except me (Fitzgerald 1 31). It shows how Gatsbys ambition of love challenges Tom and his marriage with Daisy.Similar as Gatsby, Macbeth also destroys many people level(p) their lives due to his ambition. Following the prophecy of witches, Macbeth tries to kill everyone who will interfere his kingship, even his comrade Banquo is murdered by his conspiracy. The murder was awarded by Macbeth orally, Thou art the surpass o th cutthroats / Yet hes good that did the like for Fleance. / If thou didst it, thou art the nonpareil. (3. 4. 18-20) Thus, Gatsby and Macbeth all destruct others because of their ambitions.Secondly, at the early stages of both two works, two Gatsby and Macbeth lose their integrities because of their ambitions. Gatsby knows it is important to be rich, because that can attract Daisy, so his methods of becoming rich are that of doing illegal activities and lying about his poor background. Hes a bootlegger, said the young ladies, moving somewhere between his cocktails and his flowers. (61 ) For the purpose of approaching Daisy, Gatsby sells illegal alcohols during in the past.Although this is dishonesty, it is the only way to become rich quickly. retributive as Gatsby, Macbeth believes the prophecy from the witches that he will one day become a king as a result, he decides to assassinate Duncan in order to fulfill his ambition faster. After Lady Macbeth motivates Macbeth to murder Duncan, Macbeth says I am settled and bend up / Each corporal agent to this terrible feat. (1. 7. 80-81) The reference reveals that Macbeth has determined to execute the Duncan. Therefore, Macbeths ambition makes him to lose his integrity.Even though the similarities of external destruction and earlier period of dishonesty both are determine from Gatsby and Macbeth, there are still many differences between them. The internal destructions of Gatsby and Macbeth are quite distinct. Gatsby comes as an inferior beginning. For Gatsby, lying about his identities cannot make him realize that he is slowly destroying himself from the inside. When Nick mentions that Gatsby may not recall his past, Gatsby says that Cant repeat the past? Why of course you can (111) Gatsby does not feel his personalised downfall after he amasses the fortune that he believes now.Unlike Gatsby, Macbeth is at first a loyal general of Duncans army. However, his identity falls from a noble man to an evil killer, turning Macbeth into a psychological destruction. First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, / Strong both against the dead then, as his host, / Not put up the knife myself. (1. 7. 13-16) In this soliloquy, Macbeth debates whether he should kill Duncan since he notices the loyalty that he toward his king. Meanwhile, Macbeth admits that he has only / Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself / And falls on th other. (1. 7. 6-28) Thus, this ambition directly leads to Macbeths moral destruction. When both Gatsby and Macbeth reach their goal, Gatsby only cheats for what he wants which is D aisy. But Macbeth continues to follow the witches prediction, and begins to kill more people.Gatsby, in the whole story, lies only in order to convince Daisy that he is the greatest man, in aspects such as wealthy assents, and outstanding education. The conversations between Tom and Gatsby provide that Gatsby cheats his education background. By the way, Mr. Gatsby, I understand youre an Oxford man. /Not exactly. / Oh, yes, I understand you went to Oxford. / Yes I went there. (129) Macbeth, however, trusts the prediction firmly later on. He follows the indications, and he lies and kills many innocent people. The castle of Macduff I will surprise, / Seize upon Fife, give to th edge o th sword / His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls / That trace him in his line. (4. 1. 156-160) When Lennox tells Macbeth that Macduff has fled to England, Macbeth enlightens and resolves to send murderers to capture Macduffs castle and to kill Macduffs wife and children.So Gatsby and Macbet h all lose their integrities at the beginning Nevertheless Gatsby maintains his falsity, Macbeth deteriorates his baneful of integrity. Lastly, it can be drawn into a conclusion that ambitions lead both Gatsby and Macbeth to their destruction on other people and themselves, and their loss of integrities in different time periods. Admittedly, ambitions belong to advantageous individuals trait it has conducive effects on personal pursuit. However, ambition also can lead the destruction and dishonesty much like Gatsby and Macbeth if the ambition is unchecked.

Classic detective story Essay

It had to be something a lot sm each(prenominal)er because the only other opening in Julias room that communicated with somew here outside of the room was the ventilation shaft in the jacket which was directly connected to the ventilation shaft in the ceiling of Dr. Roylotts room. Holmes withal spotted the secluded bell pull, which turned out to be a dummy. The strange thing about this bell pull was that it was hung from somewhere inside the ventilation shaft and it was positi iodind directly above the pillow on the bed.Holmes so goes in into a oceanic abyss state of reverie putting everything that Helen lapidator told him happened together with wholly told the clues that he had found in Stoke Moran. This matches my arithmetic mean of a untarnished police emissary tommyrot where the spy finds clues, analyses them and them puts them all together with all the information he has obtained from other sources such as the victim, hoi polloi who knew the dead person, people who had some sort of relationship with both the person that died and the victim. In this deep state of meditation he solves the riddle but he has yet to solve the crime.So Holmes tells Helen Stoner to place a lamp outside of her window when Dr. Roylott retires to his sleeping accommodation at night. Holmes also tells Helen to leave the shutters open in the room so that he and Watson can get in when she signals them. Holmes and Watson wait for the signal at the hamlet inn. Later when Helen signals them with the lamp they head for Stoke Moran. They go into her room through the open shutter and wait for a number of hours before Holmes spots a serpent coming through the ventilator. At this point in time Holmes knows who has committed the crime and how for sure.This and so matches my beside prospect that with all that is happening the research worker then deduces what must view as happened and if it was a murder who the villain was that committed the crime. He then immediately sw itches on the light and strikes at the snake causing it to reverberation through the ventilator in a very angry mood. Then they all here the terrible screen of a humanss cacophonous voice. They all immediately head for Dr. Roylotts chamber and find him dead. He is killed by an Indian Swamp adder, which they find wrapped around his head.Holmes then explains how he solved the closed book and then the crime. This all matches my final expectation of a virtuous investigator bilgewater, which is that the villain is either arrested or killed. The expectations of speckle that are set up in the Gatewood charade The Gatewood Caper begins with a private investigator organism sent to help a man called Harvey Gatewood get his kidnapped daughter Audrey back. The detective is know only as the the continental Op. In this essay I will refer to him from now on as the Op.The Op is sent by the Continental scout Agency to solve the kidnap of Harvey Gatewoods daughter Audrey and to find out w here she is being held then rescue her. In the Gatewood Caper the mystery surrounds the kidnap of Harvey Gatewoods daughter Audrey, so my first expectation of a classic detective storys plot and how it should involve some sort of mystery is fulfilled. In the Gatewood Caper it is the detective that comes to offer help to the victim and not the other way around wish in the Speckled rotary where the victim invites the detective to investigate something for them.So my next expectation that the victim approaches the detective to get his help is not fulfilled. No one has died and my expectation of a classic detective story that a there is a end and that it is either the result of a terrible crime or accidental is not fulfilled. This all makes the Gatewood Caper even less like a classic detective story. The only person that can solve the crime in this story is the Op and so that matches my next expectation of a classic detective story that the only person who can solve the crime is the detective.The Op then listens to Gatewoods story and this fulfils my next expectation of a classic detective story where the detective listens to the victims story. Harvey Gatewood tells the Op what happened before he last see Audrey. He tells to the Op about everything that he saw Audrey do before he last saw her. He tells the Op that the last time he saw Audrey was the twenty-four hour period before at around 7 in the evening. The next morning Gatewood receives a letter from the kidnappers demanding a ransom of $50,000 in $100 bills (American for notes) for her release.In the Gatewood Caper the detective doesnt really ask m each questions to Gatewood because he is so uncooperative. Its more like the reverse of my expectation that the detective questions the victim is fulfilled. Its or so like Gatewood has been described so much like a villain that its almost impossible to think of him as a victim. My next expectation that the detective investigates the scene of the death is no t fulfilled because there is no scene of death in the Gatewood Caper as the crime is a kidnap.Instead in the Gatewood Caper the detective investigates Audreys rooms to find each clues or anything that will point to anyone who would want to kidnap Audrey. He finds nothing. Then the next day at 230 Harvey Gatewood gets a call from the kidnappers saying that they want him to the deliver the money straight away to soul he will spot when they signal him by holding a handkerchief to their face and then dropping it. They tell Gatewood that he will pay back to deliver the money to the person somewhere amidst his house and the waterfront along Clay Street.A adult female signals Gatewood using the handkerchief he gives her the money and a couple of the other Ops follow the muliebrity. They loose the woman in an alleyway where they find her clothes discarded all over the floor. They quickly realise that this must have been a woman disguised as a man. The trail of clothes leads to a backd oor of an apartment, which they find was occupied by a man called Leyton. The Op investigates this apartment and finds nothing but this fulfils are expectation that the detective investigates the scene to find any clues but again the Op finds nothing.The only clue that the Op has now has to work on is Leytons translation. So he starts to investigate all the clothes shops in the Oakland area asking them whether or not they have seen anyone matching Leytons description buying womans clothes and if they have any records or names. The Op gets lucky with the first shop he investigates because they have a record of a man who bought womans clothes matching Leytons description. This mans name is Mr. Offord and the Op also gets the address. The Op goes to see Mr.Offord and then finds out that he is not living alone but with a young woman perhaps Audrey. The Op recognises Mr. Offord as being a conman. The Op goes up to his room but is then shot at but the bullets miss. The Op then kicks th e door down and finds Audrey. He then explains how he solved the mystery of Audreys kidnap to penny Quayle the conman and Audrey. This fulfils are expectation of a classic detective storys plot whereby from all the information the detective gathers he puts it all together to deduce what really happened.The villain in the story actually turns out to be the victim and in the end does not get punished because she blackmails her father with the threat of going to the papers with incriminating information that she has about him about his previous illegal activities. My expectation that the villain is either arrested or killed is not fulfilled making this story even less like a classic detective story. The Speckled Band is a perfect example of what a classic detective story should be like because it matches all my expectations in every way. The Gatewood Caper is completely unlike and is nothing like a classic detective story.Although it does match some of my expectations of how the plot o f a classic detective story should be like it is a very moderne story with a very modern plot. The main difference between the plot in the Speckled Band which is a classic detective story and the plot in the Gatewood Caper which is a modern detective story is that in a classic detective story the plot goes along a straight line and everything that happens we might expect to happen, happens whereas in the plot of a modern detective story everything we might expect to happen doesnt always happen. Expectations of constituent that are fulfilledWe expect the grapheme of the detective in any classic detective to be a man who is extremely clever, intuitive, observant, inquisitive, deductive and highly instinctive. The name of the detective in the Speckled Band is principal investigator Holmes. Holmes matches all of my expectations of how the reference point in a detective story should be and so too does the Op in the Gatewood Caper. The big difference is that the Op is a lot weaker in all of these aspects when you directly compare him to someone of the likes of Sherlock Holmes. Sherlock Holmes probably the greatest detective of all time whereas the Op is simply an ordinary policeman turned detective.We expect the use of a detective in any classic detective story to be something of a superhero but what we see in any modern detective story is the character of a detective has a big mother wit of realism associated with him which makes it all that little more believable so that we can relate to the detective more. We also expect the character of the detective in any classic detective story to be very strong (powerful), tough, very brave, a good someone and an expert in his field of work. Again Holmes is these things and personifies greatness whereas the Op is also has all these aspects but again is weaker in every department.This is again done on purpose to make it all more realistic and believable. Sherlock Holmes is the more classic detective whereas the Op is the more modern detective. We also expect the detective in any classic detective story to go into soliloquy and Holmes does this a lot whereas the Op never does this and we arent able to connect with his thoughts as much as we do with Holmes. We expect the character of the villain in any classic detective story to be man who is extremely clever, very strong (powerful) and tough but at the selfsame(prenominal) time a man who is evil, devious, very greedy, and deceptive.We also expect the villain to be dangerous and psychotic. In the Speckled Band the villain Dr. Roylott matches all my expectations of how a villain should be like in any classic detective story whereas the surprise villain in the Gatewood Caper is nothing like my expectations of how the character of a villain should be in any detective story. Dr. Roylott is a long giant of a man who bends pokers to scare people, whereas because Audrey is a woman she is portrayed as being weak in the Gatewood Caper but is still the v illain. Audrey Gatewood has parts of the character of the victim mixed in with parts of the character from the villain.She is a woman and that is the main the difference between what a villain could never be in a classic detective story and could maybe be a modern detective story. Although she might be a woman she is certainly not the victim because she is not innocent, helpless, afraid, a good soul or someone who is grateful for anything. In fact she is the exact opposite a spoiled brat. Also although she is not the victim she is certainly the villain because she does in fact have all the qualities of being a villain except that she is not very strong, or tough. Dr.Grimesby Roylott is the more classic villain whereas Audrey Gatewood is the more modern victim. We expect the character of the victim in any classic detective story to be a woman who is weak, innocent, helpless, afraid, a good soul and someone who is extremely grateful to anyone who will help them. Firstly in the Speckl ed Band the victim Helen Stoner fulfils all of these expectations whereas in the modern detective story the Gatewood Caper the victim is Harvey Gatewood and he is nothing like the victim but everything the villain is in a classic detective story.He simply does not belong in the role of the victim so he does not fulfil any expectation of the character of the victim in a classic detective story. He has every whole step of a villain in a classic detective story and the exact opposite of every quality the character of the victim has in a classic detective story. In fact the way he is described in the story he is almost identical to Dr. Roylott in the Speckled Band. Helen Stoner is the more classic victim whereas Harvey Gatewood is nothing like a classic victim and is the more modern victim. circumstanceThe setting in the Speckled Band was very interesting because of how it was described in such high detail from every blade of grass to the huge theater of Stoke Moran. The setting real ly did provide an excellent atmosphere because it was so complex and always changing. The story starts off and is set in one the biggest, most highly populated cities in the world, London. It is a bustling metropolis and you can bet the atmosphere it creates and how strong it is over everything else. While this huge timbre of atmosphere is creating by the setting Helen Stoner is going to see Sherlock Holmes.Then the setting changes once Helen arrives to see Holmes, it suddenly changes from being an extremely prompt and chaotic atmosphere to an extremely peaceful, quiet and relaxing environment whilst inside Holmess home. I enjoyed the setting when Holmes and Watson leave for Leatherhead from Waterloo station as I have always like trains so I can imagine exactly what it would have been like with all the steam trains and the huge atmosphere created by people getting on and off the trains to get off at London or travel to other places. Then when at Stoke Moran the setting changes to this mansion with a small village nearby.The setting here is a dark, scary and lonely place. You can feel the mystery and danger resonating from every wall, every corridor and every room. We dont feel safe in this place because we know that it has a very thick past and a very mysterious owner. It is a very old building built in the 17th century and is almost crumbling to pieces because of decay in some parts. You can imagine the sense of reverence that would be created from a setting like this just by walking through the long dark corridors. With each step moved you would here the echo through the whole building because of the dominating silence.The only light would be of that slipping through the small dirt sprayed windows adding to the feeling of loneliness and fear creating extreme suspense. The setting in the in the Gatewood Caper is my favourite personally. I enjoyed the very beginning of the story because of the deep sense of tension that is created by the description of Ha rvey Gatewoods Lumber Corporation HQ. I can imagine a it as a huge building full of people working for this one Scrooge like tyrant of a businessman who absolutely loves to quash all opposition and dominate his industry.This setting provides a huge sense of fermentation and liveliness. You rarely get a sense of fear or loneliness in the Gatewood Caper because of the setting and how there are always people wherever the Op goes and so there is always someone to talk to. This is another big difference between classic and modern detective storys where in a classic detective story there are less characters but they are more detailed and you get to know them better whereas in a modern detective story there are more characters who are less detailed which often makes it very confusing.You can then imagine all the cars speeding through the city and past Gatewoods empire, all the people coming in and out of the building, all the noises caused by the people and machinery creates an enormous feeling of power and prosperity which makes me feel good as I can really relate to this kind of setting having being born and increase in modern day London. I loved the setting between Gatewoods house and the waterfront walking along clay Street.I can just imagine the sense of excitement that I would get if a were just an innocent bystander walking along Clay Street and I saw the mysterious drop off of $50,000 and then saw someone dressed like a woman in black but with the figure of a being followed by so many private detectives. I also enjoyed the setting of the police station at the end with all the detectives in the station drunkenness coffee and eating donuts. Between the two stories I enjoyed the setting in the Gatewood Caper the most because it was more modern and a lot more like I was used to seeing in life.I definitely expected the setting in the Speckled Band to be old and lonely. I also expected the setting in the Gatewood Caper to be so modern and lively. Structure The anatomical structure in the Speckled Band is very different from the structure of the Gatewood Caper. In both stories at the very start of the story we find out what its all about and whom everyone is as is the case with the beginning of any detective story. What is very different about the beginning periods of both stories is that one is a complete mystery and it is uncertain what has happened whereas the other is not a mystery at all as the crime is known.In any classic detective story the crime is not known until somewhere in the heart and soul or at the end of the story whereas in a modern detective story the crime is usually known and made clear reform at the very beginning. This is a key difference in structure because in any classic detective story the mystery is of great grandeur because it draws suspense and tension into the reader whereas in a modern detective story the crime is usually more important than the mystery is because modern day readers generally have less patience and want what they read to get to the point quickly.In the Speckled Band the period of uncertainty is both in the beginning period and the middle period of the story whereas in the Gatewood Caper it is in the middle period and also the ending period. In both stories the mystery is solved and the crime explained in the end period. Style of writing When I read Speckled Band the style of writing created a very easily and dull mood within me but I couldnt help being captivated by it even if it may have been dull or slow. The writer built up suspense using highly implicit and detailed language.

Financial Analysis- for Royal Dutch Shell

kingly Dutch rebuke, Plc. (NYSE RDS. A) T commensu deem of Contents Executive Summary3 Introduction4 Financial proportionality Analysis5 Liquidity6 Asset wariness7 Debt Management8 Profitability10 market place Value12 hard currency liquify and crop Analysis14 nifty Structure Estimation16 Weighted come comprise of Capital17 court of Debt17 Cost of Equity CAPM18 Cost of Equity DCF19 Cost of Equity BYPRP19 WACC20 pop the question notes go down Estimation21 Capital Budgeting Analysis23 sensitiveness Analysis24 Scenario Analysis27 Conclusion28 References29 Appendix30Executive Summary This report analyzes royal stag Dutch musical scale Plc. (RDS. A on NYSE) pecuniary status, history, market space, and growth opportunities. Royal Dutch buckler Plc. ( pillow slip) is one of the worlds largest corpo proportionalityns with annual revenue of $470 billion for fiscal year 2011. When analyzing a party it is vital to ensure all aspects of the unwaverings financial stand up are stable, this is essential to guarantee its ability to take upon new major images, such as the one macrocosm proposed at this clock time and evaluated in this report.This report intends to evaluate the possibility of Shell chthonictaking a project that requires a total initial investment of $580 one thousand million in fixed assets as wells as operation expenses of $38 million, for a total of $618 million is startup monetary regard ass. This report illustrates Shells financial standing through, ratio analysis, cash flow analysis, and detailed gravid budgeting analysis to help calculate Shells capacity to accept the proposed project. The life of the project entrust be eight historic period and expected to boast a growth rate of 8. 5%.The winnings Present Value of the project is approximately $284 million and is expected to pay for itself in approximately 4. 74 years according to discounted payback calculations (detailed in report). Introduction Royal Dutch Shell plc o perates as an oil, gunslinger and energy company that explores for and extracts hydrocarbons worldwide. Royal Dutch Shell to a fault transfers natural gas to liquids to provide cleaner-burning fuels markets and trades natural gas extracts bitumen from mined oil sands and convert it to synthetic crude oil and generates electricity from wind energy.In addition, it converts crude oil into a range of refined products, including gasoline, diesel, heating oil, aviation fuel, marine fuel, lubricants, bitumen, sulphur, and liquefied oil color gas (LPG) and produces and sells petrochemicals for industrial use. The company holds interests in approximately 30 refineries 1,500 storage tanks and 150 distribution facilities and fuels retail network of approximately 43,000 service stations down the stairs the Shell brand name. Royal Dutch Shell plc also markets its products under the Shell V-Power and Shell FuelSaver brand names.In addition, the company offers lubricants for use in passenger c ars, trucks, and coaches, as well as for industrial machinery in manufacturing, mining, power generation, agriculture, and construction industries. Royal Dutch Shell plc sells fuels, specialty products, and services to commercial customers offers fuel for approximately 7,000 aircraft all day at 800 airports in 30 countries offers liquefied petroleum gas and related services to retail, commercial, and industrial customers for cooking, heating, lighting, and transport applications provides transport, industrial, and heating fuels and supplies approximately 11,000 tones of itumen products. Royal Dutch Shell plc is headquartered in The Hague, plunderherlands and employs roughly 23,000 people worldwide. (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012). Financial ratio Analysis The following table illustrates Royal Dutch Shells financial ratios analysis and give assist in the understanding of the flow rate and (estimated) future status of the organization. The ratios will allow for a general interpretation of the levels capability and ability to take on impertinent projects. The table exemplifies the liquidity, asset way, debt management, gainfulness, and market jimmy standpoint of the theatre.Examining Royal Dutch Shells financial ratios evidences a incontrovertible outlook for the company, in comparison to the industry fair(a) Shell is performing exceptionally well. Royal Dutch Shell, Plc. (NYSE RDS. A) Financial Ratios Liquidity Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average exertion Comments Quick Ratio 0. 85 0. 8 0. 79 0. 9 0. 84 0. 84 1. 1 powerful Current Ratio 1. 17 1. 12 1. 14 1. 1 1. 15 1. 136 1. 5 rosy Asset Management 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments strain Turnover 13. 10. 84 9. 77 15. 56 10. 84 12. 12 14. 9 OK Fixed Assets Turnover 3. 29 2. 76 2. 34 4. 28 3. 51 3. 24 1. 3 vigorous Total Asset Turnover 1. 45 1. 23 0. 99 1. 66 1. 41 1. 35 0. 6 Healthy Debt Management 1 2/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Debt Ratio 17. 90% 22. 80% 20. 20% 15. 30% 12. 60% 17. 76% 51. 98% Healthy Net Fixed Debt Ratio 15. 10% 18. 70% 18. 30% 9. 70% 8. 90% 14. 14% 27. 38% Healthy Debt to Equity Ratio 21. 70% 29. 61% 25. 36% 18. 06% 14. 37% 21. 82% 42. 69% Healthy Profitability Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Net Profit Margin on sales 6. 32% 5. 47% 6. 88% 3. 32% 10. 19% 6. 44% 6. 50% Healthy Basic Earning Power 16. 12% 10. 96% 7. 19% 18. 00% 18. 77% 14. 21% 6. 80% Healthy ROA % (Net) 9. 26% 6. 55% 4. 36% 9. 50% 12. 41% 8. 42% 10. 15% Healthy ROE % (Net) 19. 47% 14. 15% 9. 49% 20. 86% 27. 28% 18. 25% 14. 24% Healthy commercialize Value Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Price per Earning Ratio 7. 4% 10. 14% 14. 24% 6. 06% 8. 32% 9. 28% 7. 86 Healthy Dividend Yield 4. 60% 5. 03% 5. 52% 5. 89% 3. 34% 4. 88% 4. 76% Average Book Value per divide $ 54. 98 $ 47. 85 $ 45. 05 $ 42. 02 $ 38. 61 $ 45. 70 $ 46. 43 Average Earnings per Share $ 4. 98 $ 3. 28 $ 2. 04 $ 4. 27 $ 5. 00 $ 3. 91 $ 3. 26 Average Table 1 Financial Ratio Overview Liquidity Ratios Liquidity Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Quick Ratio 0. 85 0. 8 0. 79 0. 9 0. 84 0. 84 1. Healthy Current Ratio 1. 17 1. 12 1. 14 1. 1 1. 15 1. 136 1. 5 Healthy frame of reference 1 RDS. A Liquidity Ratio Trend The current ratio measures a companys ability to pay short-term debts and different current liabilities by comparing current assets to current liabilities. The ratio illustrates a companys ability to remain solvent. Shells five year current ratio average is 1. 13, . 37 below the industry average, and their quick ratio is . 84, . 26 below the industry average. Shells liquidity ratios are both below the industry average and illustrate their healthy status and con tinued strength for liquidity.Asset Management Ratios Asset Management 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Inventory Turnover 13. 6 10. 84 9. 77 15. 56 10. 84 12. 12 14. 9 OK Fixed Assets Turnover 3. 29 2. 76 2. 34 4. 28 3. 51 3. 24 1. 3 Healthy Total Asset Turnover 1. 45 1. 23 0. 99 1. 66 1. 41 1. 35 0. 6 Healthy ascertain 2 RDS. A Asset Management Ratio Trend Asset Management ratios give an indicator of efficiency (ability to move lineage and generate sales) within a company, contingently ones with tangible goods as compared to its competitors.You can see from figure 2 that in comparison to the industry average Shell is healthy and efficient in their assets and inventory turnover. double 2 reflects a spike in Shells inventory turnover in 2008 however this can also be attributed to the economic downturn in 2008. Even with the spike Shells average is still on par with the industry and exemplifies a healthy asset management tu rnover. Debt Management Ratios Debt Management 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Debt Ratio 17. 90% 22. 80% 20. 20% 15. 0% 12. 60% 17. 76% 51. 98% Healthy Net Fixed Debt Ratio 15. 10% 18. 70% 18. 30% 9. 70% 8. 90% 14. 14% 27. 38% Healthy Debt to Equity Ratio 21. 70% 29. 61% 25. 36% 18. 06% 14. 37% 21. 82% 42. 69% Healthy times hobby Earned 41. 54 36. 49 39. 78 33. 38 N/A 37. 79 25. 61 Healthy Figure 3 RDS. A Debt Management Ratio Trend Royal Dutch Shells Debt Management ratios indicate that it has been less aggressive with victimisation debt to finance growth than the majority of its competitors in the crude & Gas industry.Across the board Shell has a lower debt ratio than their competitors the resultant effect on earnings would be less volatile than related companies. The debt ratio is a solvency ratio that examines how much of a companys assets are made of liabilities. A debt ratio of 20 percent means that 20 percent of t he company is liabilities. A senior high school debt ratio can be banish this indicates the shareholder righteousness is low and potential solvency issues. A low debt to equity ratio indicates lower risk, because debt holders have less claims on the companys assets. Overall Royal Dutch Shell is in an excellent Debt Management position.Figure 4 RDS. A Debt Management Ratio (TIE) Trend Times interest earned or Interest Coverage Ratio is a key metric to determine the credit worthiness of a business. Essentially, the number represents how many a(prenominal) times in the last 12 months EBIT (earnings before interest and taxes) would have covered the past 12 months interest expenses. Royal Dutch Shells times interest earned ratio has a four year average of 37. 79, which is 12. 18 points superior than the industry average which rests at 25. 61. This presents Shell in a healthy credit worthiness business. Profitability RatiosProfitability Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/200 8 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Net Profit Margin on Sales 6. 32% 5. 47% 6. 88% 3. 32% 10. 19% 6. 44% 6. 50% Healthy Basic Earning Power Ratio 16. 12% 10. 96% 7. 19% 18. 00% 18. 77% 14. 21% 6. 80% Healthy ROA % (Net) 9. 26% 6. 55% 4. 36% 9. 50% 12. 41% 8. 42% 10. 15% Healthy ROE % (Net) 19. 47% 14. 15% 9. 49% 20. 86% 27. 28% 18. 25% 14. 24% Healthy Figure 5 RDS. A Profitability Ratio Trend When it comes to profitability, Royal Dutch Shell is on average with its competitors.Net Profit Margin is the net earnings of a company / sales. This profitability ratio compares the percent of net earnings from a companys sales. Royal Dutch Shells Net Profit is on par with other companies in the Oil Gas industry, which means it has an equal ability spend assets on business operations when compared to its competitors. Basic earning power shows the raw earning power of a firms assets before taxes and other leverages. This will help the firm understand their return on its assets. Re turn on Assets or ROA, shows the rate of return (after tax) being earned on all of the firms assets regardless of financing organise.It is a measure of how efficiently the company is using all stakeholders assets to earn returns. Royal Dutch Shell has a five year average of 8. 42%, which is 1. 73% lower than the industry average, however still in the healthy zone. Return on equity or ROE is utilise to measures the rate of return on the money invested by common stock owners and retained by the company from previous gainful years and shows how well a company uses investment funds to generate growth. Royal Dutch Shells Return on Equity indicates that it is able to reinvest its earnings much efficiently than the majority of its competitors in the Oil Gas industry.Typically, companies that have higher return on equity values are more attractive to investors and can provide for better growth and profitability. Market Value Ratios Market Value Ratios 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 1 2/31/2008 12/31/2007 Average Industry Comments Price per Earning Ratio 7. 64% 10. 14% 14. 24% 6. 06% 8. 32% 9. 28% 7. 86% Healthy Dividend Yield 4. 60% 5. 03% 5. 52% 5. 89% 3. 34% 4. 88% 4. 76% Average Payout Ratio 5. 46% 4. 76% 8. 41% 3. 62% 2. 87% 5. 02% 2. 67% Healthy Book Value per Share $ 54. 98 $ 47. 85 $ 45. 5 $ 42. 02 $ 38. 61 $ 45. 70 $ 46. 43 Average Earnings per Share $ 4. 98 $ 3. 28 $ 2. 04 $ 4. 27 $ 5. 00 $ 3. 91 $ 3. 26 Average Figure 6 RDS. A Market Value Ratio Trend Earnings per share (EPS) is the amount of income that belongs to for each one share of common stock. An important tool for investors, EPS is often utilize in determining the value of a stock. As noted above, Royal Dutch Shell is on average with other firms in its industry. Book value per share has slowly been on a rise over the past 5 years, from $38. 61 in 2007 up to 54. 8 in 2011. Book value is a companys net asset value a relatively high book value per share in relation to stock price often occurs when a stock is undervalued and might be an attractive buy. Figure 7 RDS. A Market Value Ratio Trend The price per earnings ratio (PE) is the measure of the share price relative to the annual net income earned by the firm per share. PE ratio shows current investor demand for a company share. A high PE ratio generally indicates increased demand because investors anticipate earnings growth in the future. Royal Dutch Shell has a five year average of 9. 8% PE as compared to the industry average of 7. 86% Shell is higher by 1. 42%. The dividend yield is the sum of a companys annual dividends per share, divided by the current price per share. When investing in companies an investor should look for a stable and high dividend yield this can insure an investor a secure a relatively stable cash flow. Royal Dutch Shells dividend yield is on par with other companies. As indicated by the payout ratio, Royal Dutch Shells earnings support the dividend payouts more than others in the same i ndustry group. Cash Flow and gain AnalysisRoyal Dutch Shell Cash Flow $ Million 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Cash and Cash Equivalents at January 1 $ 13,444 $ 9,719 $ 15,188 $ 9,656 $ 9,002 NetCashfromOperatingActivities $ 59,393 $ 42,712 $ 30,731 $ 69,787 $ 53,324 Net Cash employ in Investing Activities $ (20,443) $ (21,972) $ (26,234) $ (28,915) $ (14,570) Net Cash used in Financing Activities $ (18,131) $ (1,467) $ (829) $ (9,394) $ (19,393) Net (Decrease)/increase, Cash & Cash Equivalents $ (2,152) $ 3,725 $ (5,469) $ 5,532 $ 654 Cash & Cash Equivalents atDecember31 $ 11,292 $ 13,444 $ 9,719 $ 15,188 $ 9,656 Figure 8 RDS. A Cash Flow Trend Information used and interpreted from the Royal Dutch Shell Investors Handbook illustrates that Royal Dutch Shell decreased the amount spent on operations from 2008 to 2009 this can most likely be due to the economic downturn. Conversely, from 2009 to 2011 there has been a calm down increase in cash flows for operations.When e valuating charts in figure 9 and 10 you can see that along with a decrease in cash flows from 2008 2009 so did Shell have a decrease in revenues, net income and Earnings per share. From 2009 2011 all areas show a steady and healthy growth. Growth Analysis underwrite Date 12/31/2011 12/31/2010 12/31/2009 12/31/2008 12/31/2007 Revenue $ 470,171 $ 368,056 $ 278,188 $ 458,361 $ 355,782 Net income for period $ 31,185 $ 20,474 $ 12,718 $ 26,476 $ 31,926 Net earnings per share-diluted $ 4. 97 $ 3. 28 $ 2. 04 $ 4. 26 $ 4. 9 Total assets $ 345,257 $ 322,560 $ 292,181 $ 282,401 $ 269,470 Total stockholders equity $ 171,003 $ 149,780 $ 138,135 $ 128,866 $ 125,968 Net Cash Equivalents Flow $ 11,300 $ 13,400 $ 9,700 $ 15,200 $ 9,560 Figure 9 RDS. A Growth Analysis Trend Figure 10 RDS. A Growth Analysis Trend Capital Structure Estimation When performing the Capital Structure Estimation, the tax assessor can exam how the combination of equity metropolis and debt capital that a firm uses to finance its assets can have a positive or negative affect on the firm. The capital structure is how a firm finances its overall operations and growth by using different sources of funds. Royal Dutch Shells use of debt and ommon stock (Royal Dutch Shell does not issue preferred stock) impacts the open market and, as a result, the firms speak to of capital is impacted in both constructive and/or destructive ways. RDS. A Market Value Method / Weights Debt $ 174,250,000,000. 00 27. 71% Equity $ 454,619,800,000. 00 72. 29% RDS. A Book Value Method / Weights Debt $ 174,250,000,000. 00 50. 47% Equity $ 171,000,000,000. 00 49. 53% Figure 11 RDS. A Capital Structure Estimation By examining the repose Sheet and the numbers in figure 11 you can see that Royal Dutch Shell, based on market value, has a capital structure of 27. 1% debt and 72. 29% equity in the form of common stock totaling a market capitalization of $454 billion. When utilizing the book value, the weighing scale becomes 50. 47% debt and 49. 53% equity with a value of $171 billion. Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Knowing a firms weighted average exist of capital is crucial when considering any new projects. A firms WACC is the overall required return on the firm as a whole and, as such, it is often used internally by company directors to determine the economic feasibility of expansionary opportunities and mergers. Generally speaking, a companys assets are financed by either debt or equity.WACC is the average of the costs of these sources of financing, each of which is weighted by its respective use in the given situation. The weighted average can show how much interest the company has to pay for every dollar it finances. This section of the report will determine Royal Dutch Shells weighted average cost of capital. In determining the firms factor cost of common equity, the average of three methods will be utilized Capital Asset Pricing Modem (CAPM), Discount ed Cash Flow (DCF), and bond-yield-plus-risk-premium (BYPRP). Calculating the cost of debt (after tax) is figured by using the corporate tax rate and the cost of debt (Kd) which will be based on Royal Dutch Shells bond rating. Cost of DebtRoyal Dutch Shells after-tax cost of debt is cypher at 2. 30%. The calculation was determined using Shells corporate AA 10 year bond rating market value. RDS. A Cost of Debt RDS. A 10 year bail Rating AA Cost of Debt 2. 43% Risk Free Rate 1. 62% After levy Cost of Debt 2. 30% Kd(1-T) Corporate Tax Rate 41. 85% Figure 12 RDS. A Cost of Debt Cost of Equity CAPM Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a model that describes the relationship between risk and expected return and that is used in the pricing of risky securities. The general idea behind CAPM is that investors need to be compensated this is calculated by the CAPM.The time value of money is correspond by the risk-free (rf) rate in the formula and compensates the investors for placing m oney in investments over a period of time. The other half of the formula represents risk this is calculated by taking a risk measure (beta) that compares the returns of the asset to the market over a period of time and to the market premium (Rm-rf) or Market risk premium (MRP). Figure 13 illustrates the outcome of the calculations and that Royal Dutch Shells CAPM is 10. 01%. RDS. A Cost of Equity CAPM Formulated by Rs = Rf + ba * MRP Risk Free Rate (Rf) 1. 62% Yahoo Finance U. S. Treasury Bond Rate Market Risk Premium or (Rm-rf) 6. 50% Current Rate November, 2012 Beta (ba) 1. 29% E-Trade Financial CAPM of RDS. A 10. 01% Cost of Debt (Kd) 2. 43% After Tax Cost of Debt 2. 30% Figure 13 RDS. A Cost of Equity Cost of Equity DCF The Discounted Cash Flow or DCF method uses futurefreecash flow projections and discounts them to arrive at a present value, which is used to evaluate the potential for investment. Figure 14 illustrates a breakdown of how the discounted cash flow is calcula ted. The growth rate (g) is the average of three outside estimations. After the calculation is computed, the cost of equity is equal to 11. 83%. RDS. A Cost of Equity DCF Formulated Rs = (D1/Po)+g so D1= Do(1+g) so (((Do(1+g)/Po)+g) Rs = (((3. 42(1+6. 42%)/67. 02)+6. 42%) Average E-Trade Yahoo Y-Charts Growth Rate (g) 6. 42% 6. 80% 6. 12% 6. 35% Dividend (Do) 3. 42 Y-Charts Stock Price (Po) 67. 02 Current Rate November 2012 Rs = 11. 83% Figure 14 RDS. A Cost of Equity Cost of Equity BYPRP Bond yield plus risk premium method is used to calculate cost of common equity for a firm. Figure 15 shows the calculation, the after tax cost of debt plus bond risk premium rate which calculates to a cost of equity equal to 8. 80%. RDS. A Cost of Equity BYPRP Rs = BY + MRP RDS. A After Tax Cost of Debt (BY) 2. 30% Shell Investors Handbook Bond Market Risk Premium (MRP) 6. 50% Current Rate November, 2012 Rs= 8. 80%Figure 15 RDS. A Cost of Equity Weighted Average Cost of Capital WACC The WACC equationis the cost of each capital componentmultiplied by its proportional weight. To calculate the WACC we first take the average of the CAPM, DCF and BYPRP methods which is calculated in figure 16. RDS. A Average Cost of Equity CAPM DCF BYPRP Average Royal Dutch Shell 10. 01% 11. 83% 8. 80% 10. 21% Figure 16 RDS. A Average Cost of Equity Royal Dutch Shell has no preferred stock, thus weight of preferred stock (Wp) is equal to 0%. Figure 17 breaks down the full calculation of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital calculation and the defined values.Using the Weight of Equity and Weight of Debt calculated from the Capital Structure Estimation in figure 11 we can conclude that Royal Dutch Shells WACC is equal to 8. 28%. Royal Dutch Shell Plc WACC WACC formulated WACC = Ws*Rs + Wd*Rd*(1-Tax Rate) + Wp*Rp. Ws 72. 29% Weight of Equity (Common Stock) Wd 27. 71% Weight of Debt Wp 0. 00% Weight of Preferred Stock Rd 2. 30% After Tax Cost of Debt Tax rate 41. 85% Corporate Tax Rate Rs 10. 21% Cost of Equity (Average) Rp 6. 50% Market Risk Premium WACC 8. 28% Weighted Average Cost of Capital Figure 18 RDS. A WACC Project Cash Flow Estimation Royal Dutch Shell has been approached with a proposition for a new project. The project will have a life span of eight years.The proposed project requires initial investment of $580 million to construct building and leverage equipment, and $38 million for shipping & installation fee for a total of $618 million is start-up costs. The fixed assets fall in the 7-year MACRS class and has a salvage value of fixed assets at $17 million. It is expected that the new product will sale 2,280,000 units in the first year and has an expected annual growth rate of 8. 5%. The sales price is $275 per unit and the variable cost is $205 per unit in the first year, but they should be adjusted accordingly based on the estimated annualized inflation rate of 2. 3%. The required net operating working capital (NOWC) is 11. 5% of sales.A detail ed analysis and calculations for the cash flow estimation and disparagement details must be performed to ensure that Royal Dutch Shell can undertake such a project. Initial Inputs and Parameters for the Proposed Project Start-Up Cost $618,000,000 Net Operating WC/Sales 11. 5% Market value of equipment at Year 8 $17,000,000 First year sales (in units) 2,280,000 Tax rate 41. 85% Sales price per unit $275. 00 WACC 8. 28% Variable cost per unit $205. 00 Inflation 2. 3% Non-variable costs $0 Growth in Sales 8. 5% Figure 19 RDS. A Project Parameters Depreciation and Amortization Schedule Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total Rate 14. 0% 25. 0% 17. 0% 13. 0% 9. 0% 9. 0% 9. 0% 4. % 100% Cost $86,520,000 $154,500,000 $105,060,000 $80,340,000 $55,620,000 $55,620,000 $55,620,000 $24,720,000 $618,000,000 Total $0 Figure 20 RDS. A Depreciation Schedule Figure 20 illustrates the depreciation schedule of eight years, outlined in the project parameters. Project Net Cash Flow Figure 21 RDS. A Project Estimated Net Cash Flow Capital Budgeting Analysis Capital Budgeting Analysis is a process in which a business determines whether projects or investing in a long-term venture are worth pursuing. Ideally, businesses should pursue all projects and opportunities that enhance shareholder value.However, the amount of capital available at any given time for new projects is limited, capital budgeting analysis will help to determine if a project is feasible or not. Capital budgeting analysis can include net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), modified internal rate of return, profitability might (PI), payback period and discounted payback. In calculating if this project is possible or not we have determined the following budgeting analysis results in figure 22. RDS. A Budgeting Appraisal Results Net Present Value (NPV) $ 284,606,920. 00 Internal Rate of Return (IRR) 17. 0% Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) 13 . 1% Profitability great power (PI) 1. 41 Payback (Years) 4. 74 Figure 22 RDS. A Project Analysis Results RDS. A Payback Calculation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Net Cash Flow (690,105,000) 121,087,715 158,870,226 148,538,663 149,691,454 152,108,518 166,274,191 181,997,451 362,518,222 Cumulative CF (690,105,000) (569,017,285) (410,147,060) (261,608,396) (111,916,943) 40,191,576 206,465,767 388,463,218 750,981,440 Pay Back 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 1. 00 0. 74 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 After examine of the budgeting analysis results we can conclude that the project should be undertaken. The Profitability Index (PI) is 1. 41, if the PI is greater than 1 than the project should be taken, additionally the net present value is positive, another good sign for accepting the project. The projects Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is 17. 0%, higher than Royal Dutch Shells WACC which is 8. 8%, this is an optimistic calculation for accepting the project. Finally, payback addresses the projects liqu idity, shorter the payback the higher the liquidly and with a current estimation of 4. 74 years, the project is highly recommended. sensitiveness Analysis The Sensitivity Analysis is a modus operandi used to determine howdifferent values of an independentvariable will impact a particular dependent variable under a given set of assumptions. Withinspecificboundaries, the sensitivity analysis is very usefulwhen attempting to determine the impactthe actualoutcome of a particular variable will haveif itdiffers from what was previously assumed.By creating agiven set of scenarios as, illustrated in figure 23, the analyst can determine how changes in one variable(s) will impact thetarget variable. In this particular case the sensitivity analysis will determine how the net present value (NPV) of the proposed project will be affected by the modification of several variables these variables and the results can be examined in the following figures. The modified variables are sales price, varia ble costs, units sold, non-variable costs, weighted average cost of capital, corporate tax rate and start-up costs. For the purpose of this analysis the calculations were performed with a 10% and 20% deviation from the base in both a negative and positive trend. RDS. A Project Sensitivity Analysis Calculations passing 1st YEAR UNIT SALES % Deviation WACC from Units Sold NPV from NPV Base matter $284,606,920 Base fount WACC $284,606,920 -20% 1,824,000 144,446,239 -20% 6. 6% 358,280,443 -10% 2,052,000 214,526,580 -10% 7. 5% 320,454,423 0% 2,280,000 284,606,920 0% 8. 3% 284,606,920 10% 2,508,000 354,687,261 10% 9. 1% 250,612,056 20% 2,736,000 424,767,602 20% 9. 9% 218,353,128 % Deviation VARIABLE COST % Deviation SALES PRICE from Variable NPV from Sales NPV Base Case cost $284,606,920 Base Case Price $284,606,920 -20% $164. 00 723,298,488 -20% $220. 0 (294,245,328) -10% 184. 50 503,952,704 -10% 247. 50 (4,819,204) 0% 205. 00 284,606,920 0% 275. 00 284,6 06,920 10% 225. 50 65,261,137 10% 302. 50 574,033,045 20% 246. 00 (154,084,647) 20% 330. 00 863,459,169 % Deviation NONVARIABLE COST % Deviation TAX RATE from Fixed NPV from NPV Base Case Costs $284,606,920 Base Case TAX RATE $284,606,920 -20% $0 284,606,920 -20% 33. 5% 353,919,217 -10% 0 284,606,920 -10% 37. 7% 319,304,434 0% 0 284,606,920 0% 41. 8% 284,689,652 10% 0 284,606,920 10% 46. 0% 250,074,869 20% 0 284,606,920 20% 50. % 215,460,087 % Deviation START-UP COSTS from NPV Base Case Start-Up Costs $284,606,920 -20% $ 494,400,000. 00 368,892,485 -10% $ 556,200,000. 00 326,749,703 0% $ 618,000,000. 00 284,606,920 10% $ 679,800,000. 00 242,464,138 20% $ 741,600,000. 00 200,321,356 Figure 23 RDS. A Project Sensitivity Analysis Calculations Royal Dutch Shell Project Sensitivity Analysis Chart Figure 24 RDS. A Proposed Project Sensitivity Analysis Chart Deviation NPV at variant Deviations from Base from Sales Variable Non-variable Base CasePr ice Cost/Unit Units Sold Cost WACC Tax Rate Start-Up Costs -20% ($294,245,328) $723,298,488 $144,446,239 $284,606,920 $358,280,443 353,919,217 368,892,485 -10% (4,819,204) 503,952,704 214,526,580 284,606,920 320,454,423 319,304,434 326,749,703 0% 284,606,920 284,606,920 284,606,920 284,606,920 284,606,920 284,689,652 284,606,920 10% 574,033,045 65,261,137 354,687,261 284,606,920 250,612,056 250,074,869 242,464,138 20% 863,459,169 (154,084,647) 424,767,602 284,606,920 218,353,128 215,460,087 200,321,356 Range $1,157,704,497 $877,383,134 $280,321,363 $0 $139,927,315 $138,459,130 $168,571,129 Figure 25 RDS. A Proposed Project NPV and Range at Different Deviations from Base Scenario Analysis A scenario analysis is the process of estimating the expected value of a portfolio or project after a given period of time under specific changes in variables of the portfolios securities or changes in key factors. Commonly, scenario analysis focuses on estimating what a portfolios value would decrease toif an unfavorable event would occur.For the proposed project the scenario analysis was conducted assuming a 25% probability for best-case conditions each of the variables calculated in figure 25 would be 20% better than its base-case value. Conversely, there is a 25% probability of worst-case conditions, with the variables 20% worse than the base a 50% probability was used for base-case conditions. All figures have been calculated below in figure 26. Scenario chance Sales Price Unit Sales Var Costs NPV Squared Deviation times Probability Best Case 25% $330. 00 2,736,000 $164. 00 $1,726,918,338 422505172390830000 Base Case 50% $275. 00 2,280,000 $205. 00 $284,606,920 10125137435137500 Worst Case 25% $220. 00 1,824,000 $246. 00 ($588,490,656) 257759816231319000 Expected NPV = Sum, Prob. times NPV $426,910,381 Standard Deviation $830,897,181 Coefficient of Variation = Std Dev / Expected NPV 1. 95 Figure 26 RDS. A Proposed Project Scenario Analysis Conclusion In conclusion, after performing a complete analysis on the feasibility of the proposed project, it is determined that it would be beneficial for Royal Dutch Shell, plc to implement the project. The IRR and MIRR are greater than the WACC of 8. 28%, at 17. 0% and 13. 1% respectively. It is currently estimated that the project will pay for itself in approximately 4. 74 years according to the discounted payback calculations.The Net present value of the project is positive and the profitability index for the project is 1. 41 (greater than 1) it is a positive sign for the project selection. Royal Dutch Shell is currently moving in a positive direction with a healthy financial base. Financial analyses have bestowed Shell with an AA bond rating, which underlines the financial strength of the organization. Based on all the information listed above, it is with my professional opinion after the evaluation within this report that R oyal Dutch Shell takes on the project with the current and estimated futures of Shell it can only add value to the corporation. References E*Trade. 2011, December 31). Royal Dutch Shell Plc RDS. A. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from E*Trade Financials https//www. etrade. wallst. com/v1/stocks/snapshot/snapshot. asp? YYY220_/UfRI8EalsBAnXarKLCzPko3kjoyjLMbzW9xSdWWCGroVsRTAdKeDJzNAwM5xeMSzfFm9X4tAHc+eI+8pZ9rdHSsGMEaof+37qAzRA17/MKnpCPFTrRrGXhYPAZVsWXkzq5OKgjy67owAqAG5C1fyJ6IzD55l8M8TBKZkWpNM0lH4j7Jb2aXQsoxNw Morningstar, Inc. (2012). Morningstar research. Retrieved November 2012, from http//financials. morningstar. com/ratios/r. html? t=RDSA®ion=GBR& ampculture=en-US Network, Y. -A. (2012). Yahoo Finance. Retrieved November 28, 2012, from Bond Center http//finance. yahoo. om/bonds Royal Dutch Shell. (2012). edifice an Energy Future Investors Handbook. London Royal Dutch Shell Plc Financials. YCharts Pro Stock Report. (2012). Royal Dutch Shell plc (RDSA). New York Y Charts. Appen dix Royal Dutch Shell Income Statement Billions $ Royal Dutch Shell Balance Sheet Billions $ Royal Dutch Shell Statement of Cash Flow Billions $ 1 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 2 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 3 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 4 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 5 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 6 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 7 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 8 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 9 . (YCharts Pro Stock Report, 2012) 10 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 11 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 12 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 13 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 14 . (Royal Dutch Shell, 2012) 15 . (Network, 2012) 16 . (E*Trade, 2011) 17 . (E*Trade, 2011)

United States as a World Superpower

Ashley Torgerson Dr. Brown world(prenominal) Relations 2nd May, 2012 get together States as a World major occasion The rising to the status of world super authority does not happen overnight. To explore the journey to the top, we must recognize the struggles and obstacles that were overcome. As the Statesns we can proudly introduce that we live in a country with globally recognise supremacy. As stated earlier, it was not an easy title to obtain. Looking back throughout archives we can see specific examples of how we began our rise to power and what it has taken to preserve our power.Some of our more recent history has shown that galore(postnominal) people are questioning how ofttimes longer we will be able to retain this power. I however feel strongly that the States has the ability to remain a world superpower. America was not always seen as one of the worlds superpowers. Our rise to power was focused on a few distinct driving forces. These admit the rise of capitalism, m ilitary dominance, and an stinting boom all which occurred from Post war era such as World warfare II and the Cold War (Baker p. 10). All of these factors contributed to the gaining of Americas power.It is also important to look at the factors that gave America the ability to keep this power. Those influences were surrounded around Americas capableness to become a dominate power in the international system, and maintaining a stable economy (Mandelbaum p. 213). History has shown many an(prenominal) examples of countries rising and overtakeing from power. Due to this many Americans feel they we are on a similar path. Contributing to this downward path is the increasing power of Asian and Middle Eastern (Bar p. 41). Of these countries China is recognized as one with the most potential.China has gained an increasing role in the world system through material capabilities, hard powers, and through human or cordial capabilities or soft powers. (Gilley p. 245) Chinas biggest draw is its material capabilities because it has direct the nation to become one the worlds fast growing industries. During the three decades to 2010, China achieved maybe the most rapid sustained rate of economic development in the history of the human species, with its real economy growing almost 40-fold between 1978 and 2010. (Unz p. 12) season this shows the vast power of Chinas economic domain, its soft powers cannot be over looked.The Chinese work force not only supports its internal lead for products but it also supports that of the hundreds of various countries the products are shipped too (Unz p. 11) Without a large skilled work force this may not be possible. From these reasons we can close that China is taking strides in the right direction of super power and in years to come may even surpass the United States. Although the crisis of power struggle is occurring, America refuses to go down without a fight. The United States still has the worlds strongest military. (Walt p. 6). Having a strong military not only establishes the United States supreme power but it helps enforce to other countries that they have the ability to keep that power. With power comes a responsibilty. The United States military forces are often called upon to intervene in ecumenic problems, demonstrating its dominance in international affairs. Aside from military intervention the United States plays a key role in international affairs through economic investment (Ferguson p. 23). Investment in a widespread of areas keeps the economy diverse.We see the effects of a diverse economy daily through products being vendable all around the world (Brzezinski p. 291). The United States has the available resources to provide for the world market. All of these factors go into making life easier in the United States, thus producing a society that is living longer and spending more money (Brzezinski p. 292-294). Ultimately these reasons secure the United States position as dominant world power. Ba sed by of these various reasons I feel strongly that the United States has the capability to remain as a world superpower, not being surpassed by China.It is true that many factors go into determining a world power but these three stand out to me economic stable, military power, and at the top of social and heathen end of the spectrum. While China may have the economic means to compete, they do not have the dominant military force the United States has. United States is the only country with the means to invade multiple medium-size countries in other continents and still sustain very few casualties. No other country presently is even near having the ability to project military power with such force and range (Internet Source).The combination of economic stability and military power has led to the United States large impact in the international system. Hegemonic responsibilities are always put on the worlds dominant power. The United States has dealt with these responsibilities fo r many decades and has turn up its ability to lead the world in a harmonious way. Anna Applebaum from the dWashington Post writes The United States is a superpower without a partner, meaning that the United States has handled the world as a dominant power for this long and is not losing grasp of that. BibliographyAcademic Journals 1. Bar, Shmuel. Americas fading Middle East influence. Policy Review 166 (2011) 41+. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2012. 2. Baker, Andrew. Constructing a post-war order the rise of US hegemony and the origins of the Cold War. CHOICE Current Reviews for Academic Libraries Feb. 2012 1129. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Mar. 2012 3. Ferguson, Yale H. Approaches to Defining Empire and Characterizing United States Influence in the Contemporary World. International Studies Perspectives 9. 3 (2008) 272+. Academic OneFile. Web. 21 Mar. 012. 4. Gilley, Bruce. Middle powers during great power transitions Chinas rise and the future of Canada-US relations. Internatio nal Journal 66. 2 (2011) 245+. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 May 2012 5. Unz, Ron. Chinas rise, Americas fall which superpower is more threatened by its extractive elites? The American Conservative 11. 5 (2012) 12+. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 May 2012. 6. Walt, Stephen M. The end of the American era. The National disport 116 (2011) 6+. Academic OneFile. Web. 4 May 2012. Books 7. Brzezinski, Zbigniew, and Brent Scowcroft.American and the World conversations on the future of American foreign policy. New York Basic Books, c2008, 291 p. 8. Mandelbaum, Michael. The frugal superpower Americas global leadership in a cash-strapped era. 1st ed. New York Public Affairs, c 2010, 213 p. Newspaper 9. ANNE APPLEBAUM. Superpower without a Partner. , The Washington Post, November 24, 2009 Tuesday, Editorial Copy, Pg. A19 782 dustup Internet 10. Futurist, The. Why The US Will Still be the Only Superpower in 2030. typepad. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 May 2012. http//futurist. typepad. com/my_weblog/2006/05/wh y_the_us_will. html

Effective Human Resource Planning Essay

The key to effective gentleman resource management is human resource readiness1.0 Introduction merciful Resources (HR) Management is a multilateral function. This entity has an important place within companies in helping key personnel decide on the best staff for their needs, among other things. Sometimes, the employees chosen are regular employees already working for the comp either or they could be contractors. Regardless, the goal of HR Management is to choose the close to qualified person for the job.Again, HR Management is a group of professionals that wear many hats, some of which include employee benefits and compensation, hiring and terminating employees, and managing personnel policies and employee records. While smaller companies will often per level the tasks of HR Management on their own, most, bigger corporations choose to hire professionals to oversee the entire HR department so we butt say that the key to effective human resource management is human resource plan ning, as it is stated by Mark and Cynthia, it involves strategicalal plans, then devising ways to meet these objectives . In this essay I will subdue to focus on strategic planning which is a major factor of planning.2.0 Aims of strategic plansThe history of strategic planning begins in the military. According to Websters current World Dictionary, strategy is the science of planning and directing large-scale military operations, of maneuvering forces into the most advantageous position prior to actual engagement with the enemy (Guralnic, 1986). In an address to the strategic planning workshop director-general of kwazulu-Netal RK Sizani said employees must be able to advise, facilitate, support, consult, guide, monitor, resolve disputes and recommend strategic interventions to government and departments. They must be satisfactory of producing rules, procedures, norms, frameworks, standards, draw common plans and goals which will enhance co-ordination. They require people who are experienced and somewhat capacitated and not junior entrylevel officers.As organizations transform in size, aims, functions, complexity, construction, the physical nature of their product, and appeal as employers, so do the contributions of human resource management. But, in most the ultimate aim of the function is to experience that at all times the business is correctly staffed by the right number of people with the skills relevant to the business needs, that is, neither overstaffed.The second realm should be ab issue identifying which of these plans and strategies are so fundamental that there must be clear plans to address them before the organisation can reach out on any of its goals. These are likely to include* Workforce planning issues* Progression planning* Staff skills plans* Motivation and fair treatment issues* Pay levels designed to recruit, hold off and motivate people* A grading and remuneration system which is fair* Employment issues which impact on staff recr uitment, retention, motivation etc.* A exploit management framework which is designed to meet the needs of all sectors of the organisation.* Career development framework which look at development within the organisation at equipping employees with employability so that they can cope with increasingly frequent changes in employer and employment patterns* Policies and framework- to ensure that people development issues are addressed systematically competence frameworks, self-managed learning etc.The HR strategy will need to show that careful planning of the people issues will make it substantially easier for the organisation to achieve its wider strategic and operational goals.3.0 Recruitment of staffRecruitment should be preceded by an analysis of the job to be done (i.e. an analytical study of the tasks to be performed to consider their essential factors) written into a job description so that the selectors know what physical and mental characteristics applicants must possess, what qualities and attitudes are desirable and what characteristics are a indomitable disadvantage* In the case of replacement staff a critical questioning of the need to recruit at all (replacement should rarely be an unbidden process).* Effectively, selection is buying an employee (the price being the wage or salary multiplied by probable years of service) hence bad buys can be very expensive. For that reason some firms (and some firms for particular jobs) physical exertion external expert consultants for recruitment and selection. Equally some small organizations exist to head scat, i.e. to attract staff with high reputations from existing employers to the recruiting employer. However, the cost of poor selection is such that, even for the ordinary day-to-day jobs, those who recruit and select should be rise trained to judge the suitability of applicants.3.1 The main sources of recruitment are* Internal promotion and knowledgeable introductions* University appointment board s* Agencies for the unemployed* Advertising (often via agents for specialist posts) or the call of other topical anaesthetic media (e.g. commercial radio).The organization put its trade mark for rapid attraction and it must take care not to offend the sex, race, etc. antidiscrimination legislation either directly or indirectly.Interviewing can be carried out by individuals (e.g. supervisor or departmental manager), by panels of interviewers or in the form of sequential interviews by different personal skills techniques to aid judgment include selection scrutiny for* Aptitudes (particularly useful for school leavers)* Attainments* General intelligence.(All of these need skilled testing and assessment.) In more senior posts other techniques are* Leaderless groups* Command exercises* Group problem solving.(These are some common techniques professional selection organizations often use other techniques to aid in selection.)Training in interviewing and in appraising candidates is cle arly essential to good recruitment. Largely the former consists of teaching interviewers howto draw out the interviewee and the latter how to rate the candidates. For consistency rating often consists of scoring candidates for experience, knowledge, physical/mental capabilities, intellectual levels, motivation, prospective potential, leadership abilities etc.4.0 Analysis4.1 Setting the strategic directionThis process focuses on aligning human resource policies to support the accomplishment of the Companys mission, vision, goals and strategies. The business goals sit at the heart of any HR plan and in order to align business and HR you need to answer one key question, Can your organisations internal capability deliver the organisations business goals?Many organisations cite their people as their primary source of competitive advantage. Successful companies continuously identify and adopt innovative human resource management policies and practices to sustain that advantage. More impor tantly, they structure work and design training, performance management, pay, and reward policies to help members of the organization observe in achieving desired organizational outcomes. In other words, they integrate and align HRM policies and practices to reinforce employee behaviors that can best realize the leaders strategic intent. In the most successful companies, the set of policies and practices that collectively make up a companys HRM system is the critical management tool for communicating and reinforcing the leaders strategic intent.5.0 ConclusionWhile Human resource management strategies must be developed to support the achievement of the organisations objectives, it is a two-way process. These strategies can themselves be critical inputs in determining the strategic initiatives for the organisation. A fatal error, however, is to develop and implement Human resource management strategies without thinking of theorganisational strategic planning process. A common mistake is the development of workplace skills plans which are not linked to any strategic goals or objectives or which have no optimistic action components. So, Human resource planning is the key to effective human resource management.6.0 References1. http//www.searchbites.com/docs/HR_MANAGEMENT.asp (28th December 2004)2. Mark Lengnick-Hall and Cynthia Lengnick-Hall. (22 December 2003) Human Resource Management in the Knowledge Economy New Challenges, New Roles, New Capabilities,3. Guralnik, D. (Ed.). (1986). Websters New World Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cleveland, OH Prentice Hall Press.4. R K Sizani, Workshop of the on implementation and action an address to the strategic planning, (02nd December 2001)5. Behrman M, (2004), A guide to strategic human resource planning, Workinfor bulletin, south Africa6. http//www.accel-team.com/human_resources/hrm_02.html, (31 December 2004)7. A Strategic Human Resource Management System for the 21st Century. Naval Personnel Task Force, September 2000, Story Number NNS040406-02, 04th June 20048. Human Resources, Pay & Trends Bulletin ,The employers organisation for local authorities in the south east,(June 2004),

Human Trafficking: The different risk factors Essay

Definition of Human TraffickingAccording to Jac-Kucharski (2012), homophile trafficking is defined as the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of tug, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjective to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery(p.151). The risk factors that used in the interrogation argon, age in regards to traveling alone, poverty, unemployment and informal make fun. destitution FactorsHuman trafficking is a worldwide issue and one of the causes argon poverty (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). According to the united States Census Bureau (USCB) (2013), poverty is defined as a set of money income thresh superannuateds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty(p. 11). For instance, a family is considered to be in poverty if the total domicile income is less then their maximum income (USCB, 2013). Poverty makes people feel desperate and look for other means to gain money, and as a result they may get into bigger problems without knowing it. Jac-Kucharski (2012), research states that prominent male traffickers take advantage of peoples economic situations and with lies take over their victims lives. Woman and men in poverty conditions are easy targets for gay trafficking. Through the years, women have been seen as prey for human trafficking, particularly in sexual trafficking, and this problem is non just in the United States only around the world (Hodge, 2008).The business of sexual trafficking continues to grow notably against the other forms of human trafficking sexual trafficking makes up 79 percent of all human trafficking, and some of the cases result in bride-enslavement (Kim, 2010). It is well known that the majority of women who enroll in the international marriage agencies come from poor homes, and this is advertised in the agencies websites. This persona of advertising allows American men to feel they are rescu ing these powerlesswomen, so they expect their brides to do incessantlyything they want them to do. These relationships turn into powerful dominant men and spineless brides. The men believe that they can exploit and dominate their brides because they rescued them. The women experience domestic violence, rape, and emotional distress (Kim, 2010). Jones (2010) states that rarely people see or distinguish the media reporting on male human trafficking, but it takes place. Thus, the other group that too is targeted to human trafficking is men.The male victims are poor and usually from other countries, but in some cases the men are Americans. For instance, one of these cases was homeless men in the state of Florida they were forced to travel in detrimental conditions and did not bump payment for their work. The men who are brought to the United States come with hope of prosperity, but once they get here they lose their freedom. Some are employed to work in restaurants, construction s ites etc. But the majority of them are forced to work in farms. Furthermore, the human traffickers take their victims passport, money, and any other possessions reservation it effortful for them to leave (Jones, 2010). Unemployment FactorsThis paper will further explore unemployment as a risk factor for human trafficking and the reasons that unemployment makes human beings so vulnerable to being trafficked and taken against their will. This paper will also explain that there is a difference in human trafficking and human smuggling (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). An estimation in 2008 estimated that almost if not more than 800,000 humans were trafficked within the borders of the United States as well as across United States borders into other countries (Jac-Kucharski, 2012). The United States unemployment average was 5.8%, the highest average the country had ever seen up until that year. Since 2008, the unemployment rate on a month to month basis has not been lower than 6.7% (Bureau of La bor and Statistics, 2014). That is a lot of people to be inert and looking for work. Many human traffickers prey on people who are looking for a way to provide for their families.They promise a job and visual sense of work for a person to do. Before the person can realize what is happening, they have been taken against their will to work in a factory for no pay, or they are being forced to commit sexual acts for no pay. This paper will explore reports made by survivors of human trafficking. Different people experienced different situations, but they all experienced one likefactor they were not able to leave or communicate with their family. They all also experienced the thought process of thinking they would die before they were released. This leads to the research being done on the traumatic experience of being victim of human trafficking, and the impact it has on the lives of people who survive (Cross, 2013). Traveling Alone FactorsAs the research continues about the different f actors of human trafficking, traveling alone as a minor has become one of the concerns in human trafficking. There are different reasons why minors travel unaccompanied. In the research of (Derluyn, et al. 2010), states some of the reasons may consist of holiday traveling and traveling with migration motives. Traveling unaccompanied makes easy pray for the criminals of human trafficking. The average traveling age for unaccompanied by an adult, caregiver, parents or legal guardian is five through twelve years of age (Derluyn, et al., 2010). Approximate one-third of the children that travel under the age of 18 years old are traveling unaccompanied. When the minors are traveling alone without any guardian, makes them at risk for traffickers. The traffickers will see them as vulnerable and unprotected making it easier for the traffickers to allure the victims. The traffickers will try to allure the minors with false papers and obtaining access into the country. The children not being kn owledgeable and not guided by an adult protector they will believe the traffickers.The minors will be in fear of getting into trouble or not getting through into the country. Resulting in the trafficker making false promises and the victim becoming prey (Derluyn, et al., 2010). After the traffickers have allured the minors and they entered the country it is more often than none they disappear. The study of research by (Derluyn, et al., 2010) shows out of less than 2,000 minors traveling by themselves and flying into the London area, there were a fourth of the minors that stayed at a higher(prenominal) risk to encounter smugglers and traffickers. Following (Derluyn, et al.s, 2010) a special team designed to assist in the lost minors found that out of 25 of the out of the children ended up finding no single trace of them. Teenage girls that came from West Africa were the primary interest of the traffickers. Because these children were never found it is a strong casualty they became targets of mistreatment and cruelty (Derluyn, et al., 2010). With the small amount of research that has happened with thefactor of children traveling alone there have been significant results to conclude it is safer for the minor to tour with an appropriate adult. versed Abuse Factors cozy treat is defined as the involvement of a child younger than the age of hold by means of force, threat, cheat or deception in every kind of act resulting in the sexual satisfaction of a sexually adult person in the absence of consent and equality or conniving at its occurrence (Bilginer & et. al,. 2013 p.56) There are several factors that put people at risk to become targets for those in the human trafficking trade, the risk factor discussed here is sexual abuse and how it can lead to prostitution and the sex trade side of human trafficking (A Review of the literature, n.d., para. 4.1 p.7). Sexual abuse affects females and influences their transition into prostitution and the sex trade. An intr oduction to sex at an early age is one of the ways that children can be led into prostitution as it skews their sense of self the place sex has in their lives, and the role of the person who abused them. Children are introduced to sex through abuse at increasingly younger ages anywhere from 13 to 15 years old or younger (Wilson & Windom, 2010). The girls age range is between 7 and 14 (Bilginer & et. al., 2013).This abuse can also lead the victims to act out utilizing other risky behaviors that put these children at even more risk such as doing sickly in school or juvenile criminal activity (Wilson & Windom, 2010). These females, who have no coping skills or life experience to cut through with the abuse, especially when it comes from those they are supposed to be able to trust, end up either distancing themselves from sex, or using it to gain a false sense of intimacy. Such behaviors put them at risk as candidates for prostitution (Wilson & Windom, 2010). Second discussed is how se xual abuse affects males and how it influences their transition into prostitution and the sex trade. Many of the same factors stated for the females also apply to males. The boys age range for when abuse occurs is marginally higher, approximately between 9 and 12 year old (Bilginer & et. al., 2013). Boys who were abused are more also likely to become prostitutes and have high-risk sexual encounters that put them at risk however they do not have the same dysfunctional issues that females deal with when it comes to their view of sex after abuse. Dysfunction in males arises more often inconjunction with neglect from their family not abuse alone (Aron, 2012).ReferencesAaron, M. (2012). The pathways of problematic sexual behavior A literature review of factors affecting adult sexual behavior in survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 19(3), 199-218. doi10.1080/10720162.2012.690678 Bilginer, C., Hesapcoglu, S., & Kandil, S. (2013). Sexual abuse in childhood A multi-dimentional look from the view point of victims and perpetrators. Journal of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences, 26(1), 55-64. doi10.5350/DAJPN2013260106 Bureau of Labor and Statistics. (2014, January 27). Labor force statistics from the current population survey. Retrieved from http//data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000 Cross, A. L. (2013). Slipping through the cracks The dual victimization of human-trafficking survivors. McGeorge Law Review, 395-422. Derluyn, I., Lippens, V., Verachtert, T., Bruggeman, W., & Broekaert, E. (2010). Minors Travelling Alone A Risk Group for Human Trafficking?. transnational Migration, 48(4), 164-185. doi10.1111/j.1468-2435.2009.00548.x Human trafficking into and within the United States A review of the literature. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/07/humantrafficking/litrev/index.pdf(American Psychological Assoc.) Hodge, D. (2008). Sexual trafficking in the United States A domestic problem with transnational dimensions. companiona ble Work, 53(2), 143-152. doi10.1093/sw/53.2.143 Jac-Kucharski, A. (2012). The determinants of human trafficking A US case study. International Migration, 50(6), 150-165. doi10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00777.x Jones, S. (2010). The invisible man The conscious neglect of men and boys in the warfare on human trafficking. Utah Law Review, 2010(4), 1143-1188. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy194.nclive.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer KIM, J. (2010). Trafficked Domestic violence, exploitation in marriage, and the foreign-bride industry. Virginia Journal of International Law, 51(2), 443-505. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy194.nclive.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer Merriam-Webster. (2012). An american dictionary of the english language. capital of Illinois Merriam-Webster, Inc. United States Census Bureau. (2013, February). Poverty. Retrieved fromhttp//www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/methods/definitions.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2007). Human traffic king into and within the United States A review of the literature. Washington, DC Office of the appurtenant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation. Wilson, H. W., & Widom, C. (2010). The role of youth problem behaviors in the path from child abuse and neglect to prostitution A Prospective examination. Journal of enquiry on APA.