Mersault, Antigone and Gregor as Outsiders Essay - 1226 Words

Mersault, Antigone and Gregor as Outsiders In every society there is an outsider, a person who stands out amongst the crowd, someone who does not fit in with the norm. Most of the time it is obvious who the outsider in a group is, but sometimes it takes a deeper look into the personality and characteristics of a person to see the traits that make the person an Outsider. The characters that will be compared are Mersault from Camuss The Outsider, Sophocless Antigone and Gregor Samsa from Kafkas Metamorphosis. Each of these characters is portrayed as an†¦show more content†¦The characters confront Mersault and give a greater look into the personality of the antagonist. Sophocles also uses this technique; he contrasts Antigone to her sister Ismene. It is only possible to this via dialogue; Antigone is a play therefore all the message the playwright wants to bring across must be in dialogue or actions. These contrasts show us how Antigone and Mersault differ from the people around, and it also allows the author to show us the deeper personalities of the outsiders. In Metamorphosis Kafka uses other techniques to give us the impression that Gregor is an outsider. He makes it obvious Gregor is different by changing him into a bug, but he also writes about certain minor changes that make Gregor different and less human. At the beginning of the book when the reader first discovers what has befallen Gregor, Kafka writes it as if there is nothing absurd about this change, he gives us no reason for the change therefore giving the impression of indifference on both his and Gregors part. Camus Mersault also conveys this indifference. Kafka makes it seem as if Gregors metamorphosis is not the actual highlight of

Comparing the Industrialization of Britain and Japan Essay

Comparing the industrialization of Britain and Japan Two ships can arrive at the same destination; however that does not necessarily mean that they used the same route on their journey. Such is the same with the industrialization of Britain and Japan. Both rose to become the two great pioneers of the modern world; however the paths they took to success were different. This paper will compare Japan and Britain, exploring the causes of its industrialization, and how the countries drastically changed because of it. What sets Britain’s industrialization process apart from Japans is that it did not have a role model to base its development on; it was the first industrial nation. Therefore the cause of its industrialization must have much†¦show more content†¦However the biggest advantage Britain had that spurred their modern thinking into industrial factories was its geography. England had fast flowing rivers that were effective to power water mills for machinery, and provided transportation routes for industrial goods. The weak point about rivers was that in winter they froze, stopping the water powered machinery and blocking routes (Little, n.d.). This leads to the true geographical advantage of Britain, one that wasn’t stop by the effects of seasons: high deposits of coal and iron ore. Coal was able to power the newly invented steam engine, which was a breakthrough leading to large scale industries (Little, n.d.). The idea of using steam as a force to power machinery was not new during the seventeen hundreds; it had already been mentioned by ancient Greek scholars. It was scientist such as James watt that refined that idea to create the steam engine (Live science, 2012). The concept is simple, water is heated by coal and the resulting steam acts as a driving force for the machines, similar to how the rivers flow powered the mills (Live science, 2012). Water power meant that factories were limited to certain locations, however steam powered factories could did not have such constraint (Live sc ience, 2012). The steam engine expanded industries all over Britain. First, it improved the coal industry by pumping water out of coal mines, making it safe from flooding (Live science, 2012). Secondly, theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The Modern World Economy Essay1726 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia School. He thinks that the reason for the appearance of the Industrial Revolution should be attributed to Britain’s luck in geography, especially the coals and colonies. And it is a sharp rapture instead of a gradual transition. Despite comparing the past and present, Pomeranz does a horizontal comparison between relatively small units, the wealthiest parts of the Europe and Asia before the eighteenth century. And he found that the economies of these places were far more similar than non-ChinaRead MoreWorld Economy from 1850 Until Today3262 Words   |  14 Pagesglobalization from 1975 onwards. Britain was the first country to ever experience what history has sometimes called the most important development in economics and one of the most decisive revolutions ever: the Industrial Revolution. An amazing jump forward in the story of civilization, the Industrial Revolution has formed the world, as we know it today for better or for worse. To be able to achieve such greatness and climb to the top of the economic ladder, Britain had to have the talent, the desireRead MoreThe Relationship Between Japan And Japan During The Modern Era2253 Words   |  10 Pages Pavin Kaler 211347747 April 16th, 2015 Professor Joe Kispal-Kovacs Transportations in Political Structures in China and Japan during the Modern Era Comparative Essay 1 While Japan and China both had to go through transformations in political structures in order for them to experience revolutions as a reaction to colonization attempts during the Modern Era, both nations alsoRead MoreThe Importance Of A Family On Cultural Diversity1515 Words   |  7 Pages‘traditional family’, which makes it hard to define the term. (Allan, G. and Crow, G. 2001). Over the past 40 years there have been dramatic changes in family patterns. One common change is stepfamilies in modernized western societies such as Britain. In census data from 2011, there were 544,00 stepfamilies with dependent edchildren. Overall 11% of couple families with dependent children are stepfamilies in England and wales (ONS, 2011) A stepfamily is seen as a family consisting of a â€Å"naturalRead MoreThe Fundamental Causes of the Russian Revolution Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesthe leader in automated technology in the late 1800s and human rights quickly became a concern in places of employment. This gave stimulation to industrial development in Russia. 1890 was the beginning of the great leap forward in Russian industrialization. Huge factories were constructed, implementing the most modern technologies available, which were imported from England, Germany and the USA. Along with the most up to date technology brought in from the West, came the most current and a dvancedRead MoreRealism: a Greater Explanation for World War I Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pagesnationalism, or attitude toward their country, also increased. According to Northedge and Grieve this was because the media was a greater influence then, than it was now. This was due to the fact that there was lack of education and no means of comparing different sources. In that period people believe virtually everything they read (Northedge and Grieve 71). There are many different methods of obtaining power and controlling it within realism; hegemonic stability theory, imperialism, and balanceRead MoreEssay on Asian Business1844 Words   |  8 Pagesafter the Meiji restoration brought an end to the Tokugawa shogun ate and installed a new Japanese government. It was issued in the name of the Emperor Meiji, the text was written by a group of the young samurai, mainly from domains in southwestern Japan, who had led the overthrow of the Tokugawa and the â€Å"restoration† of imperia l rule (Hasegawa and Noronha). The Charter Oath appeared at a time of considerable uncertainty in Japanese society, as people throughout the country were unsure of the intentionsRead MoreUnited States Announced War On Spain1910 Words   |  8 Pageswestern hemisphere contributed immensely to this war (Mosse 167). After the war, the economy of the U.S improved significantly due to the expansion of the western parts such as Cuba and Philippines, ever-growing systems of railroads and massive industrialization. In fact, by 1900, the value of exports was three times greater than it was before the emergence of the Spanish- American war. After the war, American investors moved to Latin America, Eastern Asia and Philippines where they invested billionsRead MorePaul Samuelson s Erroneous Prediction Of Soviet Growth3265 Words   |  14 Pagestextbook and educational industry. This great success was not without some blunders, however. Starting in his 1961 edition of Economics, Samuelson first published a graph and accompanying text predicting the future growth of the Soviet Union, and comparing it to that of the United states. At the time, he gauged that the economic output of the USSR was at half that of the US, and though for this first, and several following editions, he suggested higher growth rate s in the USSR, the ratio of economicRead MoreSecret Intelligence Service and Espionage4647 Words   |  19 Pagesunits. To protect the country against foreign agents, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Statute of 1917.  Mata Hari, who obtained information for Germany by seducing French officials, was the most noted espionage agent of World War I. Germany and Japan established elaborate espionage nets in the years preceding World War II. In 1942 the Office of Strategic Services was founded by Gen. William J.  Donovan. However, the British system was the keystone of Allied intelligence. Since World War II, espionage

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Symbolism - 860 Words

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Symbolism Questions 1. Compare and Contrast Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Although Tom and Hucklberry Finn have many things in common and are very good friends, they also live a life of two totally different lifestyles. Tom, who is a dreamer, lives a life out of romantic novels, and can be amusing and exasperating at the same time. He lives a life out of drama and brings out his imagination in a realistic way. He is amusing when showing his understanding of what he has read and he loves to replay what has happened He is a leader and is idolized by many including Huck. Huck, much different than Tom, does not engage in the fantasies that Tom does and has little interest in them. He is†¦show more content†¦Huck does whatever he can to keep his word that he will not tell on Jim. When Huck hears that Jim is jubilant at the thought of escape, and also that Jim plans to steal is necessary, his own children out of slavery, he is horrified at this and shocked at his own part in such an immoral undertaking. Not only a plot device, Jim is also the person who brings Huck to a series of important moral decisions throughout the book.. As they travel more and more into the their adventure, you can see a stronger and stronger bond growing between the two. They rely on each other and are both an essential part to their lives. 3. Analyze the significance of the Mississippi River in the novel. The Mississippi represents a place of good. Huck and Jim, find their freedom while traveling down the river. It is a pace where they do not have to worry about the evil of society. It is a place where they can drawback from society and just relax. It was kind of solemn, drifting down the big river, laying on our backs looking at the stars... As they travel down the river, Huck and Jim develop a loyal friendship that is very great. The river is a place out of society where the two can get away and enjoy their freedom. 4. By using examples from the plot and characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Show MoreRelatedEssay Symbolism: the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1207 Words   |  5 Pageshave used symbolism to express certain feelings and emotions in discreet ways. What is symbolism? The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships (Dictionary.com). Numerous authors use the same denotations to illustrate different thoughts or ideas. Mark Twain uses various symbols, such as the river and the land to expose freedom and trouble in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The AdventuresRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1212 Words   |  5 Pageshave used symbolism to express certain feelings and emotions in discreet ways. What is symbolism? The practice of representing things by means of symbols or of attributing symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships (Dictionary.com). Numerous authors use the same denotations to illustrate different thoughts or ideas. Mark Twain uses various symbols, such as the river and the land to expose freedom and trouble in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The AdventuresRead More The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn: Symbolism Essay859 Words   |  4 Pages The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Symbolism Questions 1. Compare and Contrast Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although Tom and Hucklberry Finn have many things in common and are very good friends, they also live a life of two totally different lifestyles. Tom, who is a dreamer, lives a life out of romantic novels, and can be amusing and exasperating at the same time. He lives a life out of drama and brings out his imagination in a realistic way. He is amusingRead MoreSymbolism of the Raft and River in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn480 Words   |  2 PagesSymbolism of the Raft and River in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn I chose to examine the symbolism of the raft and river, and the journey Huck and Jim take on it in Mark Twains The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn. The Raft and the Mississippi River play a major role in this book. The river comes to symbolize many things, and one important role I believe the river play is being the deliverer for both Huck and Jim. The river takes both Huck and Jim away from captivity. As Huck wasRead MoreSymbolism in â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain751 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent, makes it an ideal scene to escape civilization. In â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, the two main characters, Huck and Jim, find peace on the Mississippi as they spend endless nights floating down stream. Becoming civilized in society is a major theme in the novel and the Mississippi river helps Huck and Jim become uncivilized as it provides them with protection from the outside world, freedom, and adventure. The Mississippi River provides Huck and Jim protection from theRead MoreRiver Symbolism In Huckleberry Finn1252 Words   |  6 PagesThis quote relates to The Adve ntures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain because, Huck Finn has a friend who goes with him on his journey to the south. In a way his friend Jim becomes almost like family. They have spent all of their time together and they have been through a lot to get to the south and be free. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a valuable novel and should be included in high school curriculum because it teaches people through river symbolism, the language used in the 1800sRead MoreHuck Finn River Symbolism1067 Words   |  5 PagesIn ï ¿ ½The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnï ¿ ½, the Mississippi River plays several roles and holds a prominent theme throughout much of the story as a whole. Huckleberry Finn and Jim are without a doubt the happiest and most a peace when floating down the river on their raft. However, the river has a much deeper meaning than just a compilation of water. It almost goes to an extent of having its own personality and character traits. The river offers a pl ace for the two characters, Huck and Jim, to escapeRead MoreThe Censorship of Huckleberry Finn Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe Censorship of Huckleberry Finn Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a significant book in the history of American literature that presents readers with the truth of our past American society in aspects such as speech, mannerisms, and tradition that we must embrace rather than dismiss by censorship. It is a novel that has been praised and proclaimed America’s â€Å"first indigenous literary masterpiece† (Walter Dean Howells) as well as one that has been criticized and declared obscene. It hasRead MoreThe Concept of Race in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain631 Words   |  3 PagesWithin his criticism of Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Gregory Fowler uses examples from both the book and Mark Twain’s own life to discuss the different ways in which racism has morphed. Instead of analyzing The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn critically and solely, Gregory Fowler critically analyzes parts of the book and its effect to prove the different ways in which slaver mo rphs through the uses of allusions, exemplifications, and anecdotes. Fowler’s opening paragraph consistsRead MoreMark Twain s Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1755 Words   |  8 PagesMark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a masterpiece and an American classic according to Alex Brink Effgen, a PhD student working on the impact of Twain’s writing (Effgen). Twain expresses the problems that faced America during the 1830s to 1870s through the point of a view of a boy that indirectly expresses his hate for the accepted societal rules that are placed on ideas such as racism. Twain’s use of dialect, language and symbolism express the Realism era and creates a powerful masterpiece

Obesity Among Children Are Lack Of Exercise And Bad Eating...

According to the Centers for Disease Control, obesity among children has tripled in the past twenty years. Other causes for obesity in children are lack of exercise and bad eating habits. Americans need to stop blaming fast food companies and take their own responsibility for providing a healthy nutrition diet for children. Obesity is a very common disease in America that can one day lead to death. Parents need to help their children choose what is healthy for their body to consume. To help them realize that it is not okay to always eat junk food and fattening foods that can harm their body. As a family they must work together to create a better and healthier lifestyle for them to live through so that no one in the family becomes obese. In 2012 Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity stated $4.6 billion was spent on advertising to young children and adolescents (Krisberg, 2014). Children are watching too much television and the commercials they are seeing is tempting them t o eat what they see, this is where a responsible parent should take the remote control away and have their children exercising, playing basketball, and running, anything but sitting behind a television or a computer. As stated by the daily press, advertising of candy, cereal linked to childhood obesity study (2004) â€Å"Television advertisements have double from 20,000 to 40,000 since 1970† (p.1). Children this young are vulnerable to advertising directed at them. McDonalds hasShow MoreRelatedEssay on Parents are Responsible for their Childrens Diet1619 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood obesity is a complicated topic and is complicated to pinpoint what the exact cause is, some of the major factors that contribute to childhood obesity are lack of exercise in their daily lives, poor nutrition, and eating habits; and lack of education among parents to safely help their children live a healthier life. Childhood obesity poses a serious threat to the health of our nation, children these days have little to none outdoors activities. Lack of physical activity found to be aRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"At present approximately 9 million children over 6 years of age are considered obese† (Mahshid Dehghan). Childhood obesity continues to increase every year. Childhood obesity has a lot of causes centering on an imbalance of energy taken in and the amount of energy used. Factors of childhood obesity include children having obese parents; low energy expenditure which is a low amount of physical activity is a factor and too much television which is a cause for low physical activity time. Another factorRead MoreThe Childhood And Teen Obesity Epidemic1001 Words   |  5 PagesThe Childhood and Teen Obesity Epidemic Opening There is an obvious reason why kids cannot drive when they feel like it, or go out wherever they choose. Children cannot have a cigarette or a drink either because if they did these things, they would certainly suffer the consequences, perhaps with their lives. It sounds crazy to think of allowing kids to do anything dangerous, yet each day millions of American children and adolescents slowly kill themselves with unhealthy dangerous foods. The pastRead MoreChildhood Obesity: A Growing Problem in Our Society Essay1122 Words   |  5 PagesOverweight and obese children significantly affect the United States today, becoming a further pronounced issue. The amount of overweight adolescents and younger children sky rocketed in the past few years, and more than tripled since the 1970s. Developing overweight habits while young inhibits an individual’s chances of a healthy lifestyle later in life. In order to prevent the obesity epidemic in our country, the major causes and root problems of obesity must be explored and abolished. ObviouslyRead MoreChild Obesity : Problem Statement954 Words   |  4 PagesChild obesity Problem statement In the United States, an increasing problem that Americans faces is obesity. According to (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2015, the prevalence of Childhood Obesity during the years 2011 and 2012 are about to 17% of children ranging from ages 2-19 years old and the most common among ethnic groups. The statistics listed in the CDC shows there is a major problem that children face. Recent research have found that in the last four decades, amount of children thatRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Major Health Issue1314 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a major health issue. The number of overweight children in the United States is at an all time high and rising at a steadfast pace. For us to understand the impact of obesity and why we should prevent it, we will need to take a look at what has contributed to the epidemic in the first place. First we need to take a look at childhood obesity, even if children are slightly overweight and not quite obese at childhood, their childho od is laying the foundation for possible obesity in theirRead MoreChildren Are Becoming Increasingly Overweight Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesNowadays children are becoming increasingly overweight. With more technology, children are spending more time indoor than outside getting exercise. If we continue to allow this to happen, not only will our children be overweight but they will be obese. Obesity is a medical disorder when a child is over the weight for their age and height. However, there is an understanding that because they are children there is still a chance that this will change. Children have a higher metabolism rate than adultsRead MoreCauses and Impact of Childhood Obesity1335 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity Childhood Obesity Obesity is a burgeoning and threatening epidemic that is becoming more pervasive in the United States and around the world as time goes on. While life expectancy in the United States continues to rise, the incidences of obesity-related diseases such as diabetes and cancer are rising alarmingly fast as well. Children are among the hardest hit as they are some of the more vulnerable members of society due to their inability to care for themselves in many waysRead MoreObesity Among Thai Children1789 Words   |  8 PagesChaisri Obesity among Thai Children The numbers of obese children in Thailand are wondering! Refer to the World Health Organization report, Thailand is appropriate example of obesity problem. The obesity among Thai children, ages 5 to 12 in year 2004 – 2006 to nearly 16 percent – 4 percent increase from only a couple of years ago, or are rage to 1 million people1. It mentions that, the obesity trend in Thai children growth up faster than other countries in Asia. Obesity problem has effectedRead MoreObesity : A Major Impact Of Obesity1715 Words   |  7 PagesObesity as a major impact in America population, approximately 127 million American are currently overweight. The American Obesity Association conduct a survey that shown 9 million adult are â€Å"Harshly Obese† and 17.9 million children under the age of 5 are overweight. (Spurlock, 2005, p 66). The blame for obesity is virtually, constantly and positioned toward fast food restaurant? American as a liberty of choice which is up to the in dividual who consumed the food should be facing the responsibilities

Potential Risks and Risk Eva Luation Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Potential Risks and Risk Eva Luation. Answer: Potential Risks The potential risk might originate from both interior and outer sources. The outside dangers are those that are not in coordinate control of the administration. These incorporate political issues, trade rates, financing costs, et cetera. Inward dangers, then again, incorporate rebelliousness or data breaks, among a few others. The risk management is imperative in an association in light of the fact that without it, a firm can't in any way, shape or form characterize its destinations for what's to come. In the event that an organization characterizes targets without thinking about the dangers, odds are that they will lose course once any of these dangers hit home. The possible risk components in the virtual reality real estate agency are: customer along with open trust in the virtual reality real estate agency; credibility, notoriety as well as virtual reality status; equipment as well as the virtual reality capability for the real estate agency; financial functioning of the real estate agency for the money related matters health and wellbeing of workers, clients, volunteers and members. The showcasing and money related capacity requires records of consumptions and wage, and expense records, publicizing solicitations and that's only the tip of the iceberg. The occupant administration includes records of every one of their solicitations, rental installment history and standards infringement, and office upkeep and repairs require support plans, repair records for guarantee, and representative and subcontractor faculty records (McGivern,2012). Risk Mitigation A methodical way to deal with overseeing risk is currently viewed as best administration rehearse. The approach taken quite often benefits the association regardless of sort of hazard included. Once the risk is recognized it is reported in detail; accordingly, the concerned partners attempt conceivable risk (Adair,2005). There are two bolsters that shall support the virtual reality real estate agency risk alleviation program: an all-around contrived speculation arrangement and a thorough and intensive checking framework. The speculation approach must reflect and convey to administrators the vital concentration and targets of the land portfolio, yet be adjusted by a worked in adaptability to position the portfolio for a ever evolving market. A venture strategy that can explore between these two clashing objectives (Atherton, 2008). The major key concentration for this real estate agency shall be adaptability It shall fill in as a risk relief apparatus for virtual reality agency. Be that as it may, the concentrate should dependably stay on the key goal of land in the general portfolio. Something else, there is the potential for vital float and of bringing dangers into the portfolio. In the meantime, checking frameworks and intermittent audits are basic for keeping the portfolio in accordance with vital targets. Focusing on the "tall trees" and observing portfolio exposures can help guarantee that a financial specialist is clinging to the key goals. At long last, it is basic to remember the general population side of the condition. A fruitful risk administration process must penetrate all through the firm and the basic leadership process in the agency. The virtual reality firm must endeavor to have an adjusted view from the speculation/return viewpoint and the risk premise for their employees as well as for the client. It is vital not to go into full-drive hostile mode or withdraw into a protective stance for a really long time (Antunes, 2015). Each new venture, strategy or creation ought to incorporate all the conceivable expected dangers that one may perhaps stand up to. Basic leadership process needs to consider dangers distinguished, its effect and response on the business. By making a watchful examination, organizations will have less astonishments and subsequently may at last invest less energy recouping from the misfortunes that might be unavoidable on occasion. At the point when organizations don't have "a sharp eye on the sort of hazard", chance maintenance can turn into a true blue method for dealing with the risk. Risk Eva luation Risk examination is the introduce and reason for the hazard choice. Along these lines, a great hazard examination is imperative for financial specialists, it is the way to decide the venture. the procedure of the hazard investigation is for the most part the hazard distinguishing proof, estimation and assessment. At long last, make a far reaching and framework investigation as per the past examination. Counting hazard recognizable proof, chance appraisal and hazard assessment organize (Flyvbjerg,2015). The land speculation chance order During the time spent the land venture, capital necessities a long and tireless period, which makes the hazard changed and complex, which mostly including the accompanying the real estate properties. Rivalry in the market Rivalry in the market chance alludes to that there is excessively comparative structures in the land showcase, which makes the land rivalry and the relating advancement expenses may enhance, lodging unsolvable et cetera . Which will creates an extraordinary effect to financial specialists. Furthermore, the primary purpose behind the market hazard is that the early market research and examination of the work is bad. Among them, the market rivalry capacity is the principle deals chance (Flyvbjerg,2015). Business Risk Deviating alludes to the normal esteem and the real working outcomes, and the reason for this circumstance is the operational blunders. This hazard has the accompanying three circumstances (Flyvbjerg,2015): To begin with, because of the poor advantage of the endeavor, administration level is not flawless, if those are not sold in time, the lodging opening rate will be high, the benefit is additionally moderately well underneath desires, which related costs expanded. Second, the financial specialist's administration basic leadership blunders prompt the operational hazard, which is for the most part since speculators are not know exact market data, and settle on botches in basic leadership. Third, the applicable legitimate arrangements, and city arranging controls makes taxation rate for financial specialists, for example, land venture movement is essential, however it doesn't exceptionally get it. The liquidity risk When Real domain is settled, the arrangement can just is the procedure of proprietorship or the exchange of utilizing right and the element can't move. Since it takes up more cash, and the amount is huge, which make the land exchange is an a significant long process, These are the impacting components of the stream danger of land and liquidation capacity is poor, for example, land speculators would be seriously needing money yet they would not offer the land in the hands at the earliest opportunity, regardless of the possibility that effective, which will influence the venture wage, so it bring land financial specialists to sell returns on hazard (Flyvbjerg,2015). The obtaining power risk It is for the most part alludes to the acquiring energy of land of individuals relative decay, since individuals purchase land product request diminishes moderately, additionally along these lines, which will make it hard to deal for land financial specialists, and cause harm (Flyvbjerg,2015). References Adair, A., Hutchison, N. (2005). #e reporting of risk in real estate appraisal property risk scoring. Journal of Property Investment Finance, 23(3), 254-268. Atherton, E., French, N., Gabrielli, L. (2008). Decision #eory and real estate development: A note on uncertainty. Journal of European real Estate Research, 1 (2), 162-182. Antunes, Ricardo; Gonzalez, Vicente (3 March 2015). "A Production Model for Construction: A Theoretical Framework". Buildings. 5 (1): 209228. doi:10.3390/buildings5010209. Flyvbjerg, Bent Budzier, Alexander (2011). "Why Your IT Project May Be Riskier Than You Think". Harvard Business Review. 89 (9): 601603. McGivern, Gerry; Fischer, Michael D. (2012). "Reactivity and reactions to regulatory transparency in medicine, psychotherapy and counseling". Social Science Medicine. 74 (3): 289296. PMID 22104085. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.09.035. Antunes, Ricardo; Gonzalez, Vicente (3 March 2015). "A Production Model for Construction: A Theoretical Framework". Buildings. 5 (1): 209228. doi:10.3390/buildings5010209. Flyvbjerg, Bent Budzier, Alexander (2011). "Why Your IT Project May Be Riskier Than You Think". Harvard Business Review. 89 (9): 601603. Catte, P., Girouard, N., Price, R., Andr, C. (2004). [Contribution to workshop Housing and mortgage markets and EU economy] Housing markets, wealth and the business cycle. Economics Department Working Papers No. 394. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/economy_!nance/events/2005/bxlworkshop2111/ contributions/girouard_en.pdf Coresetti, G., Devereux, M. P., Hassler, J., Sinn, H., Sturm, J., Vives, X. (2011). #e EEAG Report on the European Economy 2011 [PDF]. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https:// konjunkturportal.kof.ethz.ch/ Credit Suisse (2010). Swiss Issues Real Estate--Monitor Q4 2010. Economic Research department: Weber, Dr. S. C., Hasenmaile, F., Kra%, Dr. C., Sydow, N European Commission (2011). Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): SME De"nition [Website]. Retrieved 5 August 2017, from https://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-!gures-analysis/ sme-de!nition/index_en.htm

21st Century Leadership Complexity and Collaboration

Question: Discuss about the 21st Century Leadership for Complexity and Collaboration. Answer: Introduction The inception of management research transformed how leadership was perceived. The emergence of new managerial skills led to a new perspective on leadership. This was because, within management research, leadership was taken to be effective only if it resulted in higher economic output (Lorz, 2005). The objective of this study, therefore, is to provide a critical literature review on the topic of 21st century leadership. Lorze, (2005) note that there are numerous definitions of what is leadership. However, he identifies four elements which are persistent in all leadership definitions. These elements include; Integration of these components, therefore, results to the formulation of what can be termed as 21st century leadership definition. Leadership is the relationship process between the leaders, the followers, and the environment. It is an interaction process because it entails vision formulation on the basis of situational knowledge and unifying the followers to attain the vision (Lorz, 2005). According to Saee, (2005) the 21st century environment is featured by tremendous changes which have influenced how business is conducted. Advancement in telecommunication and availability of internet has contributed to rapid globalisation. As a result, the contemporary society is well interconnected through the internet; hence, a changed business environment which demands new competencies. Predicted Key Competencies for the 21st Century Leaders The key competencies for 21st century leaders are rooted in the organisational trends, global trends, and the follower trends. Each of the trends demands certain kind of competence. For example, organisation trends refer to the advancements that affect the core designs of the organisations and how they respond to the changing environment. Hence, leaders are evaluated not only on the basis of the profits they make for the organisation, but also on the ability to interact with stakeholders both within and externally of the organisation. Organisations thus demand a leader who can make it fit for the changing environment. Therefore, flexibility is a key competence predicted for the 21st century leaders. It is the utmost to aid the organisation to react to the shifting trends (Strock, 2010). To achieve it organisation leaders need to replace the network and hierarchies with structures that support flexibility. Global trends, on the other hand, refer to the trends that arise external of the organisation but have a significant impact on the organisational advancement, on the followers, and on the leaders. The influence of global trends leads to increased dynamism that affects almost every business process. Advancement of technology has further connected all stakeholders on a global standpoint. Internet availability has made information available hence increased levels of knowledge (Tice, 2007). Besides, this has intensified competition for cost efficient processes and creativity. Similarly, the quality and the cost of products and services can be compared with ease on the global platform. Hence, 21st leaders are expected to be innovative. They must have the ability to think creatively and to see beyond the immediate situation. Similarly, they must have the audacity to explore and integrate emerging trend to their organisations as well as to appreciate emerging and unexpected opportunities. Followers trends are mainly affected by both the global and organisations trends. Followers transform as the environment around them change. As a result of this change, followers become diverse. This diversity is further influenced by gender and culture as well as culture. Global and organisation trends enable followers to be knowledgeable. Therefore, 21st century leaders need to possess the exceptional intelligence to manage all the followers. Equally, they must have the ability to manage diverse people. The Difference between Classical Leadership capabilities and the 21st Century Leadership Capabilities In classical leadership, leaders were conceptualised as the well-educated professionals who understood organisation rules, and thus they managed their enterprises in hierarchical order. Hence, classical leadership is featured by autocratic leadership model which applies classical management style. In such leadership, a leader is a manager who is authoritarian. In addition, he/she is power-retentive, and all decisions are dependent on them (Dantzer, 2000). As a result, this kind of a leader heads the organisation alone and impacts it alone. This style of leadership, on the other hand, does not entertain consultations and entail issuing of orders and requests. Similarly, classical leadership is characterized by bureaucratic leadership approach. According to Perrin, et al., (2010), classical leadership approach emphasise adherence to stipulated administrative policies and procedures. Hence, it is marked by differential models of authority, division of administrative duties, and linear c areer path. Conversely, 21st century leadership is featured by leadership capabilities which are focused on replacing the classical leadership approaches. Hence, the leadership in the 21st century is marked by core capabilities such empowering, visioning, sensemaking, relating, and inventing, among others. In classical leadership approaches, only a limited amount of powers are delegated, this is done to ensure only the leader retain the control. However, in the 21st century leadership, leaders empower all those under them at all levels (Streat, 2012). Leaders also ensure transparency and accountability to enhance attainment of the organisations objectives. This is further boosted by the ability of the leader to make sense of the environment. Hence, in this model of leadership, a leader must be conversant with all that happen around the organisation. Leadership styles in the 21st century also acknowledge that a leader must have the ability to relate with and work through the other people. To achieve this, leader then must possess effective communication skills which will move the team members to commitment. Similarly, a 21st leader must have the ability to create a vision for the organisation. That is, he/she must identify what the organisation aims to achieve, what is possible, and how to attain the set objectives (Bersin, 2012). These demands call for a leader who is innovative. Innovation will be the key to achieving the set vision through creating processes and structures which will aid the team to work towards the vision. Underlying Causes of Changes in Leadership Capabilities Longwell-McKean, (2012) argues that the changing trends are transforming how, where, and with whom the business is conducted with. Technological and telecommunication advancement have made business environment highly competitive. Therefore, change seems the most natural thing to fit in the 21st century business environment. Similarly, the needs and the knowledge of the customer is rapidly evolving due to globalisation; therefore, any organisation willing to remain relevant must change to meet the demands of their customer. Davis, (2012) affirms that the underlying cause of change to leadership capabilities include external drivers like technological and telecommunication advancement, Availability of information, and changing business environment, globalisation, diversity, and downsizing. Analysis of 21st Century Leadership The 21st century is characterised by rapid technological advancement, development of a global economy, and increasing cultural diversity. Hence, leadership competencies have changed to adapt to these changes. As a result all scholars who have indulged in the management research agree that leaders have an obligation of identifying vision, formulating strategies and mobilising both financial and human resources to attain the vision. Besides, leaders monitor both the external and the internal environment of the organisation to align the organisation vision and the means to attain it. This approach is present in both classical leadership styles and the 21st leadership approach. However, in the 21st century leadership have been transformed into teamwork, where decisions are made in collaboration (Davis, 2012). In addition, this study has established that extensive research has been done on this subject of 21st leadership. However, researches indicate that leaders in the private sector are rated higher in leadership competencies than those in public sector. Dantzer, (2000) argues that the disparity result from different perception of which leadership competencies are the most critical in each sector. This fact, therefore, indicates a research gap in which both sectors can share leadership competencies in the 21st century. Therefore, a study should be launched to identify these competencies considering the same external drivers influence both sectors. Conclusion The 21st century leadership demands creative thinking on ways to solve the current global challenges. According to George, (2010) leaders must establish innovative approaches to deal with the complexities facing the organisations and the business environment today. To achieve the adaptability needed for the current challenges leaders must appreciate collaborative thinking. As acknowledged earlier, the 21st century leadership is featured by interdependence and interconnection of both the internal and external drivers which has changed the business environment. As a result, new competencies are demanded to address the emerging complex global issues. This research, therefore, recommends that there is urgent need to retrain leadership candidates both in the private and the public sectors on new emerging competencies. The study has further identified communication, visioning, teamwork, ability to learn, and cosmopolitan view of the world as the most critical competencies the 21st century leadership candidates must be trained on References Battilana, J., Gilmartin, M., Sengul, M., Pache, A. C., Alexander, J. A. (2010). Leadership competencies for implementing planned organizational change. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(3), pp. 422-438. Bersin, J. (2012). What Makes a 21st Century Leader? 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