Exercise 8: Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion

Lab Report 8 April 15th Exercise 8 Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion Lab Report Questions Activity 1 What is the remainder between the IKI assay and benedicks assay? IKI assay detects the strawman of starch, and the Benedict assay political campaigns for the presence of reducing sugars as well as IKI turns blue black whereas Benedict is a bright blue that changes to special K to orange to reddish brown with increasing levels of maltose What was the purpose of tubes 1 and 2? Why are they important?Because they are the controls and the controls must be prepared to provide a known standard against which all comparisons must be made. Positive controls all of the required substances are included and damaging a negative result is expected validating the experiment. What effect did pH level comport on the enzyme? It partially allowed the enzyme to do its job because in that respect were positive signs of both starch and its reducing sugars. What effect did boiling and fr eeze have on the activity of amylase?Boiling did not allow the breakdown of starch because the reduced sugars were not present and the starch was where the freezing showed a ++ for the reducing sugars and a negative result in the starch covering that it reduced the starch. Activity 2 What was the effect of the enzyme protease? Why? The enzyme peptidase could not break down the starch by showing that thither is positive IKI test for starch and a negative Benedict test for its reduced sugars. What is cellulose? According to your results, does salivary amylase digest cellulose?Cellulose is a polysaccharide entrap in plants to provide rigidity to their cell walls and salivary amylase is not subject to digest it because there were no positive signs of the Benedict test which should have been positive if a breakdown did occur. What happened to the cellulose in tube 6? It was digested by the bacteria showing a very positive sign for the Benedict test. Activity 3 What is the optimal pH level for pepsin? Why do you think that is? The optimal pH for pepsin is around 2. 0 because it showed a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) optimal density showing that more BPNA has been hydrolyzed.Also the stomach is very acrid adding to the reasoning that pepsin will work well in acidic environments. How was optic density measured? What is the significance of this measurement? A spectrometer precipitate light through the sample and then measures how much light is absorbed. The split of light absorbed is expressed as the sample of optical density. The higher the optical density is greater than zero the more hydrolysis has occurred. Activity 4 Why do lipids pose special problems for digestion?Because the insolubility of the triglycerides presents a argufy because they tend to clump together leaving surface molecules exposed to lipase enzymes. How do bile salts effect lipid digestion? Bile salts are secreted into the small catgut during digestion to physically emulsify lipids. The y act as a detergent separating the lipid clumps and increase the surface area accessible to the lipase enzymes. What factors affect digestive enzymes? both(prenominal) factors that affect digestive enzymes are pH and the amount of lipase and bile salts in a solution.